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THE FIRST WORLD WAR - Coggle Diagram
THE FIRST WORLD WAR
THE PEACE SETTLEMENT
representatives of the victorious countries met at the Paris Peace Conference
in 1919–1920
to decide on the peace conditions that would be imposed on the defeated countries
Woodrow Wilson
the United States President
had proposed a peace agreement during the war
in January 1918
called the Fourteen Points
it was based on creating a League of Nations the establishment of
respect
freedom of trade
democratic states
the plan was rejected by the Allied countries that had been devastated during four years of war
France in particular insisted on severe conditions for the defeated countries
they considered Germany the responsable for the war
the conference the Paris Peace Settlement was agreed on
after long negotiations between the representatives of the victorious countries at
in 1919-1920
5 separate treaties were ratified by the Allied countries
Hungary
Treaty of Trianon
Bulgaria
Treaty of Neuilly
Austria
Treaty of Saint Germain
Ottoman Empire
Treaty of Sèvres
Germany
Treaty of Versailles
established particularly severe terms for Germany
prohibition
heavy artillery
planes
submarines
payment of huge economic reparations
reduction of its territories
demilitarisation of the region of the Rhineland
division of its eastern territories into two parts in order to give Poland access to the sea
THE CAUSES OF THE WAR
during Armed Peace countries competed for control of certain areas that became sources of tension
Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Russian Empire competed for control of the Balkans
Serbia was angry about the expansion of the Austro-Hungarian Empire into the area
led to recurring crises in the Balkans
France wanted to recover the region of Alsace-Lorraine
it had lost to the German Empire after the Franco-Prussian War
France and Germany also competed for
control of colonies
important for economic expansion
especially Morocco
Great Britain saw the supremacy of its merchant navy threatened
when the German Empire constructed a large fleet of merchant ships in order to dominate international trade
these disputes created
pre-war atmosphere
the European powers continued to increase
spending on arms to increase their military capability
be prepared in case of war
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
the heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire
was assassinated
in Sarajevo
by a shot of a young Bosnian Serb nationalist
on 28 June, 1914
because of these
the Austro-Hungarian Empire declared war on Serbia
on 28 July 1914
the pre-war crises
the Austro-Hungarian Empire annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina.
this led to protests from the Serbians living in Bosnia
also Russia because had Serbia's traditional ally
in 1908
Germany recognised Morocco as a French protectorate
after another confrontation with France
in 1911
in exchange France ceded a part of its territories in the Congo to Germany
Germany wanted to keep Morocco out of France's control and tried to establish Morocco as a German protectorate
but failed
in 1905
Ottoman Empire was declared war
by
Serbia
Bulgaria
Greece
Montenegro
for the possession of its territories in the Balkans
PHASES OF THE WAR
Trench warfare
in between 1915–16
as the Western Front between Germany and the Allies couldn´t advance
both sides focused on defending their positions
they built trenches from where they could defend themselves using new weapons
to break the Western Front
new military tactics were used to wear the enemy down by continually attacking the same place
they used battleships and submarines
in the Battle of Jutland
Incorporation and withdrawal of allies
in 1917
the United States decided to join the war on the side of the Allies
because German submarines had sunk neutral merchant ships
a political and social revolution in the Russian Empire
caused Russia to withdraw from the war after signing the Peace of Brest-Litovsk
Initial German offensives
in 1914
Germany put the Schlieffen Plan into effect
consisted
1- launching a rapid offensive on the Western Front invading Belgium
2- the north of France with the aim of reaching Paris
3- advanced on the Eastern Front to fight the Russians
it didn´t succeed because
the French and British armies stopped their advance at the First Battle of the Marne
Japan occupied the German colonies in the Pacific and China
The end of the war and the Armistice
in 1918
the help of the American troops and weapons allowed the Allied forces to advance on the Western Front
exhaustion and an ever-increasing lack of resources drove the Central Powers to seek peace
the Armistice was signed
on 11 November 1918
ECONOMY AND SOCIETY DURING THE WAR
War economy was established
it was called like that because all economic activity was directed towards the war effort
the industrial sector concentrated on the production of military equipment and supplies
agricultural and consumer goods production decreased because there weren't enough labourers
as a consequence
there were shortages of some products
prices increased
governments intervened to control the distribution of basic goods and food
rationing was introduce
the black market developed
the war forced people to change their customs and take on new jobs
most young men were conscripted or recruited into the armed forces
women had to leave the home to fill the positions the men had left
ALLIANCES DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR
The Central Powers
the Austro-Hungarian Empire allied with the German and Ottoman empires and they were joined by Bulgaria
The Allies
Serbia was allied with the Triple Entente
later they were joined by Belgium, Japan, Italy, Romania, the United States, Greece, Portugal, China, and various Latin American republics