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Hume's Arguments against Design - Coggle Diagram
Hume's Arguments against Design
Anthropomorphism
Why is God or the universe not an animal?
Has instinct-like natural reflexes to fix or defend itself after being changed
Has natural order
also portrayed as fate of the universe
can be hopeful or align society in the direction it has always intended to go
can be used to exclude or discriminate others, when stating the intentions of a higher power conflict with another group or community
How do we know God is omnipotent? Where in an experienced perspective can we find omnipotence?
Aquinas believes God is a builder who puts the universe in order.
Theodicy: Statement in Defense of God, in the face of the "Problem of Evil"
Against Cleanthes (Part IX), Philo and Demea both explain the flaws of the world as we experienced using moral lens and not cosmological.
Preying against the weak in humanity and in nature
Oppression, discrimination against one another
Unexplainable violence
Darwin's Natural Selection
Even with humans at the top of the "food chain," humans project their fears into demons or evil Deities.
If God is perfect, omnipotent, all-powerful, why do we experience pain and unhappiness in the world?
Cleanthes:
God's actions cannot be explained simply. There are answers to life's miseries.
Life still has many wonderful things to offer.
Analogies: Like causes have Like effects. Like effects have Like causes.
The further the two comparisons, the less true.
Nothing from experience is perfect
The world as we know it is very imperfect. How could a Deity allow this to happen according to their design?
Everything either breaks, decays, dies, or loses its original value.
Nothing from experience is infinite.
Nothing is truly immortal
Philo questions, "How do we know if God has corporeality or tangible like the rest of us?"
To make a house or car, it takes multiple people. Why aren't there multiple deities assembling a universe?
All experiences are limited compared to a constantly expanding universe.
Cannot make analogies based on things we have not or cannot experience
Empiricist, believes everything we know is from experience.
Like Philo, he is constantly skeptical of arguments from thinkers like Aquinas
Laws of Nature are from experience
Miracles are not consistent or supported through scientific methods.
Miracles are based on word of mouth or hearsay, possibly not a reliable source
Evidence is likely to be false
ex: Scientific Inquiry and Methods
Three Characters to represent dialogue
Cleanthes
Most like Aquinas
logic can exist, but theology supercedes
Philo
Most like Hume
constant skeptic of Cleanthes' beliefs
Demea
Aquinas' philosophical thoughts, not his theology.
represents the middle ground