Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
The trouble with plastics, image, image, image, image - Coggle Diagram
The trouble with plastics
Polymerisation
Polymerisation. Polymerisation is the process in which many small monomer units combine to form one large polymer molecule. The alkenes ethene and propene are two important feedstocks in the petrochemical industry which can also be used to make polymers through this process.
Example
propene → poly(propene)
Where propene is a monomer and polypropene a polymer.
how crude oil is distilled in industry?
Crude oil is made up of a mixture of hydrocarbons, and the distillation process aims to separate this crude oil into broad categories of its component hydrocarbons, or "fractions." Crude oil is first heated and then put into a distillation column, also known as a still, where different products boil off and are recovered at different temperatures.
some common plastics and their uses
PVC
polyvinyl chloride
cleaning products / sheeting
LDPE
low density polyethylene
bread bags / plastics films
HDPE
high density - polyethylene
shampoo bottles /grocey bags
fractional distillation
Fractional distillation is a process by which components in a chemical mixture are separated into different parts (called fractions) according to their different boiling points. Fractional distillation is used to purify chemicals and to separate mixtures to obtain their components.
The technique is used in labs and in industry, where the process has vast commercial significance. The chemical and petroleum industry rely on fractional distillation.
how its work ?
Vapors from a boiling solution are passed along a tall column, called a fractionating column. The column is packed with plastic or glass beads to improve the separation by providing more surface area for condensation and evaporation. The temperature of the column gradually decreases along its length. Components with a higher boiling point condense on the column and return to the solution; components with a lower boiling point (more volatile) pass through the column and are collected near the top.
Theoretically, having more beads or plates improves the separation, but adding plates also increases the time and energy required to complete a distillation.
