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Relative clauses - Coggle Diagram
Relative clauses
Punctuation rule: We use commas when writing non-defining relative clauses.
We visited Hyde Park, which is close to
Buckingham Palace.
Hyde Park, which is close to Buckingham Palace, is closed today.
"who" for people
Mr Smith, who works with me, has invited me to a party. (subject pronoun)
Mr Smith, who I like, has invited me to a party. (objet pronoun)
"whom" for people ... Mr Smith, whom I like, has invited me to a party. (object pronoun)
"which" for things or animals
He gave me a cake, which was on a white plate. (subject pronoun)
He gave me a cake, which I ate immediately. (object pronoun)
We never use "that" in non-defining relative clauses.
Mr Smith, who works with me, has invited me to a party. (Correct)
Mr Smith, that works with me, has invited me to a party. (Incorrect)
Relative pronouns 1
who: for people
The customer who called me was happy. (subject pronoun) The customer who I called was angry. (object pronoun)
whom for people
The customer whom I called was angry. (object pronoun) "whom" is only really used in very formal English.
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Defining relative clauses identify a noun more clearly.
They make it clear which person or thing we are talking about.
The man is my brother. This sentence is NOT clear because there are 2 men.) --> Defining relative clause --> The man/who is standing is my brother.
Relative clauses are good because they allow us to write complex sentences.
We link the relative clause to the noun with a relative pronoun.
Relative pronouns 2
which for things or animals
It's a book which will interest you. (subject pronoun)
The car which he bought was expensive. (object pronoun)
Relative pronouns 3
“that” for people or things
The customer that called me was angry. (subject pronoun) The customer that I called was happy. (object pronoun)
Relative pronouns 4
whose for people or things
Possessive pronoun
-I know a man whose daughter lives in New York. (The man's daughter lives in New York.)
-Jane works in a restaurant whose manager is never there. (The restaurant's manager is never there.)
-Non-defining relative clauses give us more information about a noun.
-Non-defining relative clauses do NOT define or identify the noun.
-Non-defining relative clauses are common in written English. non-defining relative clause
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