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nucleotides and nucleic acids - Coggle Diagram
nucleotides and nucleic acids
structures
nitrogeneous base
purine
A ,G
pyrimidine
T ,C ,U
pentose
attached to nitrogenous base via N-glycosidic bond
to N1 in pyrimidines
to N9 in purines
phosphate
negative charge at neutral pH
mostly attached to C5' in forming nucleotide
prototropic tautomers are structural isomers that differ in location of protons
usage of nucleic acids
store genetic info
DNA
transmit genetic info
mRNA
function as enzymes
ribozymes
roles in protein synthesis
tRNA rRNA
usage of nucletides
energy source
ATP
cofactors
NAD+
second messenger
cAMP
construction of cDNA
using mRNA and reverse transcriptase and dNTPs
namings
NTP
dNTP
hydrolysis
S-Rnase
prevents inbreeding in plants
RNase P
processes tRNA precursor
Dicer
cleaves double-stranded RNA into oligonucleotides
DNAse
DNA structure
double helix
discovered by Watsons,Crick,Wilkins and Franklin
pairings
A pairs with T (or U in RNAs)
C pairs with G
purines pairs with pyrimidine
DNA cloning
cut desired DNA out 2. insert gene into vector 3. insert recombinant vector into host cell 4. host cell produce copies of recombinant DNA
PCR
Q-PCR
DNA denaturation and mutagenesis
UV
high temperature
oxidative chemicals
observing recombinant genes
GFP
immunofluorscence
DNA microarrays
mutational analysis
DNA fingerprint