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Is sustainable development possible for human beings as defined by the UN)…
Is sustainable development possible for human beings as defined by the UN) or is it a mirage?
Philosophy (Marcuse)
Pacification of Existence
3 topics relevant to meeting human-life requirements now and in the future
Concept of Scarcity
Quantity of goods in overdeveloped countries - redefinition of needs and the Great Refusal
Escapist attitudes in totalitarian societies
Activism Advocacy
Totalitarian tendencies render protest ineffective
Outsiders can aid in end of a period (good or bad)
Society
Free society encourages achievements unlike private autonomy - shouldn't work to death
Presupposed reduction in future population
Mainstream Economics (Ricardo vs. Marx)
Ricardo
Rent seekers want people to farm poorer land to increase market for rental
Need comparative advantage - free trade helps all even if less efficient at producing goods
Marx
Ground-rent produces surplus-value from surplus-labor
Class societies are inevitable
Landowner, capitalist farmer and wage laborer profit from ground-rent and exploiting land
Development Economics (Rostow vs. Rodrik)
Rostow
5 Stages of Growth for Economic Development to help lower income countries
Traditional Society, Preconditions to Takeoff, Takeoff, Drive to Maturity and Age of high mass consumption
Rodrik
Washington Consensus
Must work with local cultures to help them succeed with sustainable development and open to competition
Growth Strategy
Stimulating growth through market and government failures
Sustaining growth through acquisition of high-quality institutions
Post and Decolonial Thinking (Spivak and Suarez-Krabbe)
Spivak
Human rights
Often have good intentions but don't understand impact of actions - must follow the Golden Rule
Human rights is an "interested crossing, a containment of the aporia in binary oppositions
Suarez-Krabbe
Must answer what is means to be a human being
The category human goes is in conjunction with nature.
Helps to understand the dominant practices of human rights and development which can't be done apart.
Death project stems from human rights and development.
"Power and capacity to dictate who may live and who must die" - political, economics, legal and social practices dominating globally
Degrowth and Uncivilization (Latouche and Kingsnorth/Hine)
Latouche
Degrowth model helps explain decrease in global resource use to a sustainable level
Hard to implement - but there are limited resources and decline in consumption is necessary
Right to work and decent wages for everyone
Time must be reframed beyond capitalism
Kingsnorth and Hine
Myth of civilization, progress and separation from nature
Ecocide - killing off the environment is at stake with current way of life
Need to shift emphasis from man to notman - unhumanise views a little - what does it mean to be human? (uncivilization)
Deep and Integral Ecology (Macy and Esbjorn-Hargens/Zimmerman)
Macy
Belief that fear holds us captive
Use power by asserting ourselves as people and use open systems to initiate change not leaving it up to "professionals"
Overcome fear of pain, guilt and others to achieve 5 principles of empowerment
Despair work where we are having sane reactions of environmental problems in insane world
Hargens/Zimmerman
Can use integral economy to resolve environmental problems
Made up of 4 quadrants - cultural, behavioral, intentional and social ecological issues
Creates 4 perspectives - terrain of experiences, behaviors, cultures and systems to look at environmental problems
Must integrate ecosystems and social systems as well as with subjective and intersubjective realities