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RELIGIOUS WARS AND THE COUNTER-REFORMATION
RELIGIOUS WARS
1521
Church
excommunicated Luther
attempted to prosecute him
Luther protected byGerman nobles
opportunity to increase their possessions
its autonomy to the Emperor.
1519
Carlos I, the Catholic Monarchs' grandson and King of Spain
appointed
Emperor
(Carlos V)
He
devout Catholic
tried to
mediate in this conflict
prevent
division of Church
meetings
no agreement was reached
Catholic considered
Lutherans Protestants
Reformed
1547
Protestant German princes support Luther
Schmalkaldic League
civil war
defeated the League
at the Battle of Mühlberg
Catholic German princes
Emperor
1555
Peace of Augsburg
was signed
provoked a series of
religious wars
France
wars between Catholics and Protestants
Massacre of Protestants in St. Bartholomew's Day in 1572
conflicts ended in 1598
Low Countries
Dutch War of independence (1568-1648)
Victory od Calvinists
British Isles
Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1639-1651)
conflicts
Anglicans gaining power
Consequences of religious division in Europe
persecuted each other
Protestants
Catholics
Pope and the Emperor became less influential
THE COUNTER-REFORMATION
Catholic Church
VS
Protestant Reformation
MOVEMENT
intelectual
political
relijious
Council of Trent
held: 1545 - 1563
Establish Catholic Church’s course of action
clarification of their teachings
internal reform
repression of Protestantism
The clarification of their teachings
included carrying out good deeds
recognising the Pope as the highest authority
venerating the Virgin Mary and the saints
observing the seven sacraments
need for priests to interpret the Bible
to achieve salvation
Internal reform
Measures were taken to resolve internal corruption
founded
Seminaries
Universities
improve training priests received
Bishops strictly controlled
prohibited sale of indulgences
The repression of Protestantism
Follovers
heretics
Inquisition was reinforced
Index of forbidden books
published
