Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION - Coggle Diagram

- - - - the tsar had unlimited power and authority
      - Civil rights were not recognised and political parties were repressed
      - their members had to meet in secret or emigrate to other countries.
    - - agricultural land was owned by a wealthy minority and worked by a peasant majority
      - Around 1890, industrialisation began, giving rise to the formation of a small bourgeoisie of business owners and a proletariat.
      - Industry was concentrated in St Petersburg and Moscow, which helped the proletariat to become organised.
    - - three-quarters of the population were peasants who lived in poverty and paid high taxes.
      - both the peasants and factory workers suffered hard working conditions with low wages and long working days.
- - - - Russia and Japan fought for control of Manchuria.
      - the war was unpopular because new taxes were imposed in order to pay for the conflict.
      - soldiers were continually being recruited.
      - The Russian defeat highlighted a badly organised army, outdated military equipment and a lack of transport.
      - All of this led to increased public hostility towards the tsar.
    - - despite being forbidden, various political parties were created which opposed the tsar.
      - were unhappy about the lack of rights and miserable conditions that most Russians lived in.
      - Political parties
        
        The constitutional democratic party
        
        liberal ideas
        
        represented the landowners and middle-class businessmen
        
        the socialist revolutionary party
        
        socialist ideals
        
        not Marxists
        
        wanted a peasant revolution to end tsarist rule
        
        The socialist workers' party
        
        had Marxist ideas
        
        considered proletariat to be the real revolutionary class
        
        In 1903, they divided into two factions
        
        the mensheviks
        
        minority
        
        believed that Russia was not ready for revolutions as the working class were too weak
        
        Had to be a liberal regime
        
        The bolshevics
        
        majority
        
        wanted to move directly from the tsarist regime to a proletariat dictatorship through a revolution of the working class
        
        Their leader was Lenin
    - - in January 1905
        
        the industrial workers in St Petersburg moved peacefully on the Winter Palace
        
        to ask for improvements in working conditions and political reform.
        
        protesters were brutally suppressed and the protest became known as Bloody Sunday'.
      - The people responded with strikes and protests.
      - the Social Democratic Workers' Party met in secret and soviets were formed in St Petersburg and Moscow to organise the protests.
      - Tsar Nicholas II agreed to make some political reforms
      - The Duma had the power to make laws.
      - Tsar Nicholas II agreed to make some political reforms
      - the Duma was dissolved and autocracy was re-established.
    - - in 1914
        
        the Russian Empire took part in the First World War because it was allied with Great Britain and France.
        
        the Russian army didn't have enough food or weapons, 15 million soldiers were mobilised, most of them conscripted peasants
        
        The continuous defeats the army suffered under the leadership of the tsar caused further discontent among the people.
- - - - political power was held by the soviets which had the power to make laws and to choose the people who held executive power.
      - The Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the only political party
- - - - to sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
      - to expropriate land and redistribute it among the peasants and give the control of industries to the workers' committees.
      - the name of the Bolshevik party to the Communist Party and make it the only legal political party.
      - to found the Third International to coordinate all the communist parties around the world.
    - - civil war broke out in Russia (1918–1921) between the counter-revolutionaries who formed the White Army, and the Bolshevik forces of the Red Army, led by Trotsky, who defended the new government.
      - The White Army forces were supported by the Allied powers of France, Great Britain, the United States and Japan
      - wanted Russia to re-open the Eastern Front against Germany.
      - the White Army was defeated.