Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Water Resources and Water Pollution, Energy Conservation, Alternative…
Water Resources and Water Pollution
Irrigation
drip/trickle irrigation
uses a slowly dripping hose that is either buried or laid in the ground
added benefit of reducing weed growth because the surface soil dries out quickly
Spray irrigation
75-95% water efficient, water sprayed from above using nozzles
Hydroponics
Grown in fertilized water. 99.5% efficient.
Indoor or outdoor. Water is recycled.
Center pivot irrigation
Furrow Irrigation
easy and inexpenisve
trenches along rows dug and filled with water
65% efficient, 35% runoff
flood/surface irrigation
flood entire field and let crops soak
one of the oldest techniques
may not be suitable for all crops
70 to 80% efficient, 20 to 30% lost to irrigation
Sources of water
surface water
wetlands
absorb, store, and filter water releasing it slowly
lakes
ground water
accessed by wells
aquifers
usually cleaner than surface water
confined aquifers
can be on land or deep within crust
unconfined aquifers
normally near land surface
oceans and seas
frozen water
Lakes and ponds
Rivers and creeks
Atmospheric Water
Always present. Absorbs Heat from sun.
Human Wastewater
Degradation of water quality :
Based on:
Intended use of the water
How far the water departs from the norm
It's effects on public health
Its ecological impact
Septic systems
atmospheric water
water vapor
precipitation
surface runofff
infiltration
slowly replenished ground water and aquifers
Water pollutants:
Human created waste
pesticides
Fertilzers
Oil Leaks and Spills
Refinery
Radioactive Waste
sewage
Plastics
Animal Waste
animal feces
Animal remains
Natural occuring
Heavy Metals
Military Operations
nuclear use
Open water activities
Boating
Fishing
Trapping
Prospecting
Drilling
Human Uses of Water
Agriculture
Industry
Accounts for 50% of water withdrawals in the U.S.
Most industrial process involve heat exchanges
90% of water is for use in cooling and returned to the source
Generating electricity, refining metals and paper
Households
Recreation
Boating
Theam Park
Energy Conservation
Upgrading Home
Energy effecent appliances
LED lights
Weatherize
Proper Insulation
Re-seal all windows
Seal all attic penetrations
Inspect weatherstrips on doors
Use door sweeps
Reduce hot water
Do laundry in cold water
Take shorter showers
Take cooler showers
Solar Panels
Adjust habits involving appliances and electric ports
Smart Thermostat
Electrical and Electronic Devices
Buy energy star devices and appliances
reusing water bottles
Save and reuse hangers from department stores
taking shorter showers
taking cold showers
Buying fresh food/growing your own foods
composting
Reduce
Reusing items to avoid buying more
Alternative
transportation
Carpooling
Mass Public Transportation
Walking
Fixing sidewalks in communities
Coordinating with others to avoid multiple trips
cooking outdoors
Spending time outside
Point and non point sources
Recycling materials to avoid overproduction