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Production Process in an Enterprise - Coggle Diagram
Production Process in an Enterprise
Types of Production Systems
Intermittent/Non-continuous Production Systems
Batch Production
The production of items takes place in lots/groups/batches.
Examples are manufacturing of drugs and pharmaceutical, chemicals, etc.. These are produced by batches.
Medium volume, medium variety of products are produced batch by batch.
Job shop Production
Small amounts of a variety of products are produced.
Each item has their own processing route and takes different paths.
Non-standardized products of high variety or different types are produced in low volume.
Project Production
A product or service based production system, where a company accepts a single, complex, and large contract, in the form of a project.
The order must be completed within a given period of time, and at an estimated cost.
Examples are constructions of infrastractures.
Continuous/Repetitive Manufacturing Systems
Process/Continuous Flow Production
The production process is continuous and work is done usually by machines. Same types of products flow continuously, 24 hours a week and all days in a year.
Usually used in oil and gas refineries, petroleum refineries, chemical processing, etc.
Mass/Flow Production
In Mass production, both machines and humans work together to produce products of similar types in huge quantity, but does not run continuously around the year.
The production can be broken down, to a small repetitive continuous task.
Low variety, high volumes of products are produced.
Production Planning
Estimate the demand for your product
Estimate consumer demand so that businesses can know how many products the company needs to produce over a certain period.
Determine potential options for the product process
Define the various production options available to meet the estimated product demand.
Human Resources
Determine the number of staff involved in each stage of the production process, their availability, and costs. Then, make sure their time is well spent.
Machinery and Equipment
Identification of the machines required and their availability, including any maintenance or replacement that may be required.
Ingredients
Make a list of all the materials need for production and how you will get them. Review the supplier's capabilities, including delivery times. Having the materials available when needed is essential for the production process.
Inventory
Consider ways to optimize your list. Sorting large amount of stock requires a lot of costs. On the one hand, keeping a small amount of inventory is also risky because there can be fluctuations in demand from time to time.
Select options for products that use the combination of resources more effectively
Compare the costs and times of each potential production option. Select the option that uses the most efficient combination of resources and allows product demands to be met.
Performance Monitor and Control
At this stage of production planning, make sure that the process has gone according to plan. Monitoring and controlling is about comparing what happened with what should have happened.
Adjustments
Be prepared to adjust plans if needed. Production plans must be flexible to accommodate changes in customer demands.
Stages of Production
Planning
This is a stage in determining several things in the process. Such as what kind if products will make, how many raw materials are used, how much cost you need, and how much labor you required to carry out production. The company will also design the shape of the goods because companies need information and knowledge about the types of goods to produce.
Routing
An activity to determine the sequence of activities of this process. You must determine the flow accurately and efficiently to run as it should.
Scheduling
An activity to determine when production must carried out after the flow is made. Scheduling considers working hours of workers and the length of each production.
Dispatching
An activity to determine and establish a process of giving orders to start production schedule is set.
Production Process Characteristics
Based on the process
Direct Production
This process include primary and secondary production.
Primary Production is a production activity takes directly from nature.
Ex.: agriculture, mining, etc.
Secondary Production is a production that adds more value to an existing item.
Indirect Production
Production activities that only provides results from expertise or products in the form of services.
Based on the characteristics of the production process
Extractive Process
Production activities by taking products directly from nature
Analytical process
Separates a product into more and more similar forms to the original.
Fabrication process
The process of converting a material into several new product forms.
Synthetic process
The process of combining several production materials into a product form.
Based on the production period
Continuous production
Production that uses various facilities to create products continuously.
Intermittent production
Production that does not run all the time. Usually affected by changing seasons, orders, and various other factors.
Types of Production Process
Short-term process
A production activity that quickly and directly produces goods or services for consumers.
Long-term process
A production that takes a long time
Continuous process
This process is a production activity that processes materials sequentially with several stages in the process to become a finished product.
Intemediate process
A production activity that processes raw materials by combining them into a finished product.