Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Internationalism and Unilateralism - Coggle Diagram
Internationalism and Unilateralism
Events
WWI
League of Nations
US remanded isolated from European politics until WWI and the League of Nation came about
The US decided to stay isolated
Isolationism of the US was blamed for the WWII
US was supreme
Most participants needed American economical assistance to rebuild & military power to protect from communism
America First Mentality
Failures:
All members agreed to oppose war, but it didn't force them to commit to collective actions or efforts
Collective decisions must have been made unanimously and each member must commit to the action
The US opposed and withdrew
The League of Nations crumbled
Post 1940s
The World needed liberal order through international cooperation
1945: Began the negotiations of the UN charter
Asked all countries of the world to join
US committed to it
Took leadership in making 3 major initiatives
Principle was expanded through the Marshall Plan in 1948
1949 - NATO was established
Dynamics of NATO were led by the US
Whether the world wanted to or not, it had to listen to the US
It was designed to be an improved universal international organization that avoided some of the pitfalls of the league of nations
in collective security provisions
in universality of its membership
it tied the US both politically and militarily to Europe and set the asked for cooperation both substantively and geographically the future
The US gave up some of its sovereign control
Article 5
An attack on one of it's member is considered an attack on all of them
Objections: going to war because of one country got attacks goes against the US Constitution that states that US congress decides if the US can go to war
1 more item...
Only used once when 9/11 happened and the US and it's allies symbolically worked together
2 more items...
The charter allows for members of the security council to veto actions
Security alliances can be formed
3/12/47 - Truman Doctrine
Had stronger collective security
Economics:
World Bank was made
It is for reconstruction and development including providing loans for rebuilding war-torn Europe
International money fund
created to stabilize international financial matters
Concepts
Isolationism
a states that stays away from the affairs of another and isolates itself
Blamed internationalists for:
US in questionable military involvements in the Middle East
Obama wanted to dial back the US military activism, but he couldn't
Trump accelerated the movement
Trump believes in America First and envisions a future of "patriotism, prosperity, and pride"
Trump's foreign policy is having to permanent friends and permanent enemies
Recent terrorism
Europe's recent flood of refugees
Has been gradually gaining popularity in the new century
Internationalism
Efforts:
to achieve goals that multiple states agree to cooperate because they have similar interests
They have to work together so that their values can be enforced
Together they can beat the states that oppose them
Problem:
carrying out collective judgements removes some sovereign prerogative by forcing their members to accept and carry actions even if they oppose it
For it to be effective, members must give up some sovereign authority
This can be manipulated to force an action by a majority of nations to do what another wants and not pay any consequences
Mostly democratic states favored this position
This was needed for redefining international relationship
Liberal Order
Purpose:
produce safety
access to economic opportunity through access to public goods
access to a trading system that was a postive sum enterprise