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Adaptive Immunity, Respiratory System, Practice Questions and Answers…

- - - - Agglutination
      - Neutralization
  - - - Opsonization
      - Neutralization
      - Complement fixation
  - - - Complement fixation
- - - - Engulf + Destroy foreign agent
      - Breakdown the pathogens
    - - Signal flag to T-Cells
      - A piece of antigen placed on the surface of their cell
        
        In the plasma membrane
      - Attached on a molecule called MHC
- - - - All cells with Nucleus
      - Determines if tissue compatablilty or not
    - - Dendrites cells, macrophages, B-cells
- - - - T-Cells
        
        Helper Cells
        
        Release cytokines that will help activate more immune cells
        
        Cell surface marker CD4
        
        Memory Cells
        
        Recognize/Binds to specific antigens on subsequent exposure
        
        Long Lived
        
        Cytotoxic Cells
        
        Have a cell surface marker called CD8
        
        Involved in active killing
  - - - B-Cells
        
        Memory Cells
        
        recognize/bind to specific antigen on subsequent exposures; long-lived
        
        Plasma Cells
        
        Secrete specific antibodies for antigen; do not directly destroy antigen
- - - - Proliferation
        
        Easy type of speciific lymphocyte divides to make many copies
      - The lymphocyte separates into very specific cells which are highly specialized.
        
        Effector Cells
- - - - Coates the inside surface
  - - - Made of phospholipids and lipoproteins
      - Lowers surface tension in the lungs
      - Reduce the tendency of alveoli to collapse
- - - - Female
        
        Estrogen
      - Males
        
        Progesteron
- - - - results in a cellular change
    - - this is a effector enzyme (3rd main player of 2nd messenger system)
  - - - Hormone recepter
        
        surface of the cell
      - Signal transducer
        
        G. protein
      - effector enzyme
        
        Adenylate cyclase
      - 2nd messenger
        
        cAMP