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Global Commons: - not in AI - Coggle Diagram
Global Commons: - not in AI
These are areas where there is no political claim from a state
Shared resources limited by UNCLOS
International law dictates 4 GCs: high seas, atmosphere, Antarctica(has research stations but not owned), outer space argued cyber space should be included
Whaling:
37,000 killed since ban in 1986
Japan, Iceland, Norway - 1,000 killed each yr
13m whale-watchers each yr - $2bn generated - threatened by climate change and whaling
Japan - largest sea food consumer including whale meat
most goes to restaurants
whale meat consumerism decline
deeply integrated in Japanese culture
Gov only started to fish in Arctic after WW2 due to lack of meat - now not really considered delicacy
$10m - cost of whale hunting to Japanese tax payer
Role of International Whaling Commission (IWC):
Global body
Aim: conservation fo whales and management of whaling
88 member Govs
1946
Role expanded: bycatch, ocean noise (causes whales to get confused), sustainable whale watching (large ships disrupt whales)
Guidance not law
Origins of whaling in Japan:
1940s-60s- whale meat largest source of meat
1964 (peak) - 24,000 killed
2015 - ICJ said no scientific case for whaling as Japan argued it was for research - Japan stopped and started in 2019 after leaving the IWC
Issues whaling causes in Japan:
benefit from whaling = minimal as little commercial value even tho amount available is decreasing price is not increasing and consumption is falling
shame for stopping the fight that the gov has spent yrs fighting
MPs in some regions are guranteed seats if they support whaling
Future of whaling:
General consensus amongst youth - stop whaling
Market for the meat is diminishing
Animal rights - continue to fight against
IWC considering proposal to ban commercial whaling in Japan after 32 yrs
Indigenous communities are allowed (under quota of subsistence sustainable hunting)
Japan can now afford to import meat
See pol notes on global commons in enviro gov