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Observations - Coggle Diagram
Observations
Bulk properties
Motion
Radial: Red shift
Angular: Proper motion
Rotation: Line width
Mass: Gravitational effect
Virial theorem
Using the semimajor axis of the orbit and the period
Positions: Astrometry
Size
Extended objects: Angular size and the distance
Stars: Flux and effective temperature
Planets: How much it blocks the light of its star
Orbits: Gravity and kinematic laws
Morphology: The Hubble tuning fork of galaxies
Luminosity: Flux and distance
Temperature: Effective and color temperature
Age: Easy to estimate in a cluster, but hard for a single star
Distance
Measured from motion velocity
Luminosity and standard candles
Ia Supernova
Cephids
Trigonometry
Size of Earth
Distance from the sun to earth
Parallax
Hubble law
Composition
Atomic and molecular
Stars: Emission and absorption lines
ISM: Extinction
Structure, magnetic field
Components for galaxies
Central black hole: Motion of surrounding stars
Dark matter
Gravitational lensing
Rotation curve of MW