Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
SPAIN: THE BOURBON RESTORATION, image, image, image, image, image -…
SPAIN: THE BOURBON RESTORATION
THE REIGN OF ALFONSO XII & THE REGENCY OF MARÍA CRISTINA
reign of Alfonso XII was a period of political stability for Spain; there were no more military uprisings
Constitution of 1876 recognised a constitutional monarchy as the only legal form of government and shared sovereignty between the monarch and the Cortes
1890, universal male suffrage was re-established
Bipartisanship was established, a system of 2 alternating official political parties
Caciquismo in rural areas allowed elections to be manipulated and guaranteed the victory of the party previously chosen by the government
Catholic Church, landowners and middle-class business owners, who all wanted political stability
there was opposition from republicans, anarchists and socialists, who were excluded from politics by this system
areas of nationalism and regionalism (País Vasco, Cataluña, Galicia and Andalucía) that were marginalised by the centralised state system
the Carlists, who Alfonso XII fought and defeated in the Third Carlist war
1885 Cánovas del Castillo and Sagasta signed the Pact of El Pardo, an agreement to support the regency of María Cristina of Austria
THE REIGN OF ALFONSO XIII (1902–1931)
Political conflict
Constitution of 1876 was still in effect, but the system of alternating governments began to collapse due to internal divisions in both parties
socialist Partido Socialista Obrero Español (PSOE) which advocated the access of the working class to political power
republican parties, which advocated the establishment of a republic
regionalist parties which advocated autonomy for their region, the Partido Nacionalista Vasco (PNV) and the Lliga Regionalista de Catalunya (LRC)
The development of the workers' movement
workers' movement continued to fight for better working conditions with the use of demonstrations, strikes and violence
trade unions supported and coordinated the movement, in particular the socialist Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT), & the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT)
important concessions
the creation of a pension system for retired workers.
new laws to regulate female and child labour.
an eight-hour working day and six-day working week.
legal recognition for trade unions.
The military problem
Compulsory military service created discontent
mostly affected the poor and members of the working class
rich people could avoid military service by paying a special fee
practice was abolished in 1912
accumulation of problems created a climate of political instability
government was overthrown by a military coup in 1923
coup was led by General Miguel Primo de Rivera and approved of by the king
Primo de Rivera established a dictatorship
War in Morocco
Spanish government decided to regain international prestige by trying to obtain new territories
after Morocco was divided between Spain and France, at the Conference of Algeciras in 1906
Spain established a protectorate over its newly acquired territories in Morocco (1912)
Spain's presence in Morocco was opposed by the local population, which led to the outbreak of war.
Annual disaster (1921)
Spanish troops were defeated at Annual in Morocco, and many soldiers lost their lives
Tragic Week (1909)
Spanish reservists were sent to the war in Morocco
in Barcelona there was a popular protest led by workers and families of soldiers, which was brutally suppressed by the army
Following the Disaster of 98 and the loss of its last colonies
