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living world - Coggle Diagram

- - - - spines to deter predators
      - no leaves to reduce water loss through transpiration
      - they swell up to store water
      - shallow long tap roots to absorb water as soon as it hits the ground
    - - double layered eyelashes to keep out the sand
      - big hooves to stop them from sinking into the sand
      - closing nostrils to keep out the sand
      - humps which store fat
  - - - removal of wood
        
        for fire fuel, they are poorer countries so don't have access to fossil fuels/renewable energy so they have to chop down trees causing soil erosion
      - overgrazing/farming
        
        as population increases so does the demand for food - land has to be cleared leaving soil bare and erosion can happen
      - population growth
        
        we need more space so we clear land to build/feed ourselves which can cause soil erosion
      - soil erosion
        
        due to cutting down trees the soil is left bare and can be eroded by the wind or rain
    - - laying rocks along the contours of the land
        
        traps water and stops nutrients from running off. crops can be planted on the other side of them as its got nutrients
      - drip irrigation
        
        directly adding the water to the plants roots to minimise water evaporation however its high cost for farmers
      - great green wall
        
        spans across 7 countries, plans to stop desertification by planting acacia trees which are native trees which hold soil in place stopping erosion and providing shade and nutrients which allow crops to be grown
      - soil management
        
        leaving patches of farm land to rest by rotating crop fields- allows land to regain nutrients
- - - - low light
      - vines and lianas
      - young trees/bushes
    - - only 1% of light reaches here
      - rotting - covered in dying leaves and organisms
      - plants grow very slowly here
    - - blocks out most sun for lower levels and intercepts rainfall
      - contains the most plant and animal species up here
      - the main layer
    - - tallest trees
      - trees are adapted to living in dry conditions because it gets very sunny - waxy leaves to stop them from drying out
      - only very few trees make it this high up
  - - - eco-tourism
      - selective logging
      - replanting trees
      - setting up national parks
      - international assosiations
    - - logging
      - mining
      - farming
      - dam building
      - road building