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NSAIDS, anticonvulsant medication - Coggle Diagram
NSAIDS
side effects
indigestion
drowsiness
stomach ulcers
dizziness
headaches
allergic reaction
contradictions
With NSAID hypersensitivity or salicylate hypersensitivity, as well as in patients who have experienced an allergic reaction (urticaria, asthma, etc.) after taking NSAIDs.
during the third trimester of pregnancy.
Who have undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
.
You have had serious side effects from taking a pain reliever or fever reducer.
You have a higher risk of stomach bleeding.
You have stomach problems, including heartburn.
You have high blood pressure, heart disease, liver cirrhosis, or kidney disease.
You have asthma.
pharmacokinetics
NSAIDs are highly bound to plasma proteins
NSAIDs are usually metabolized in the liver and excreted in the urine
Common NSAIDs drug have a variable half-life; they can be anywhere from 0.25-0.3 hours such as aspirin or 45-50 hours such as piroxicam
mechanism of action
The main mechanism of action of NSAIDs is the inhibition of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX).
Cyclooxygenase is required to convert arachidonic acid into thromboxanes, prostaglandins, and prostacyclins. [9] The therapeutic effects of NSAIDs are attributed to the lack of these eicosanoids
drug interactions
When combined with blood-thinning medicines (such as warfarin) NSAIDs increase the risk of bleeding.
NSAIDs can cause kidney failure when they are combined with ACE inhibitors (medicines used to treat heart problems and high blood pressure) and diuretics (medicines to remove excess fluid).
pharmacologic effects
the pharmacological activity of naproxen can be attributed to the inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase, which in turn reduces prostaglandin synthesis in various tissues and fluids including the synovial fluid, gastric mucosa, and the blood.
major adverse reactions
.
Gas.
Feeling bloated.
Heartburn.
Stomach pain.
Nausea.
Vomiting.
Diarrhea and/or constipation.
drug examples
Aleve, EC Naprosyn, Anaprox, Anaprox DS, Naprosyn, Naprox Sodium, Naproxen EC, Naproxen SR, Naprelan, and Menstridol.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) relieve pain and inflammation of all types
anticonvulsant medication
pharmacologic effects
Anticonvulsants suppress the excessive rapid firing of neurons during seizures. Anticonvulsants also prevent the spread of the seizure within the brain. Conventional antiepileptic drugs may block sodium channels or enhance γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) function.
drug interactions
seizure medicines will reduce the effectiveness of birth control pills. The best-known seizure medicines that interact in this way include: carbamazepine (Tegretol, Carbatrol), phenytoin (Dilantin, Phenytek), phenobarbital, primidone (Mysoline), oxcarbazepine (Trileptal), topiramate (Topamax), felbamate (Felbatol), and perampanel (Fycompa).
felbamate
Clonazepam phenobarbital, phenytoin, valproic acid
Older antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) such as phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital and valproic acid can significantly interfere not only with each other and other AEDs, but also with other treatments. Although newer AEDs have a more favourable pharmacokinetic profile, they are not entirely exempt from interactions and they are also commonly administered in combination with older AEDs.
side effects
fatigue
nausea
drowsiness
tremor
dizziness
weight gain
rash
pharmacokinetics
frequent interindividual variation in the plasma level/dose ratio for these drugs can be circumvented by plasma level monitoring
Altering electrical activity in neurons by affecting ion (sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride) channels in the cell membrane.
major adverse reactions
many kinds of gastrointestinal symptoms, general fatigability and sleepiness. slight pain in bones, joints or muscles and headache were found
frequently observed include sedation, fatigue, dizziness, coordination disturbances (ataxia, dysarthria, diplopia), tremor, cognitive deficits, mood alterations, behavioural changes and sexual disorders (loss of libido, erectile dysfunction)
mechanism of action
suppress the excessive rapid firing of neurons during seizures
Anticonvulsants also prevent the spread of the seizure within the brain
Conventional antiepileptic drugs may block sodium channels or enhance γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) function
contradictions
a prior history of hypersensitivity or allergic reaction to that medication
drug examples
clonazepam
diazepam
ethosuximide
felbamate