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B1 (How is genetic information inherited?, Genetic engineering, Genome -…
B1
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Genetic engineering
- The desired gene is located in the DNA of an organism. This gene is isolated and
removed from the organism using enzymes.
- The gene is replicated and placed into a vector, e.g a plasmid.
- The gene is inserted into a bacterium cell using the vector.
- Successfully modified cells are selected.
Benefits
Crops can be modified to improve yield by becoming resistant to frost, diseases
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Risk
loss of biodiversity, contamination of wild species through
crossbreeding,
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Protein Synthesis
Protein synthesis is the process of making proteins from amino acids. Each amino acid is coded for
by three nucleotides on a DNA strand.
- A messenger RNA (mRNA) strand is made from a section of DNA which holds the code to a
particular gene. mRNA is similar to DNA and is also made of nucleotides.
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- The mRNA exits the nucleus and travels through the cytoplasm to a ribosome, which is the
site of protein synthesis.
- The ribosome uses the mRNA strand as instructions to join amino acids together in a
specific order, which produces a particular protein.