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RELIGIOUS WARS AND THE COUNTER-REFORMATION, image, image, image, image,…
RELIGIOUS WARS AND THE COUNTER-REFORMATION
Religious wars
1547
Schmalkaldic League
Emperor and Luther's alliance
Battle of Mühlberg
a civil war broke out
France
result in a greater balance of military power.
Which were?
In the British Isles
Wars of the Three Kingdoms
Anglicans
Puritans
Catholics
Ended
Anglicans gaining power
In the Low Countries
a civil war
Calvinists
Catholics
In France
very bloody episodes
1519
Carlos I
was appointed Emperor
was a devout Catholic
tried to mediate in this conflict
to prevent the division of the Church
Diet of Worms
no agreement was reached
Lutherans ->
Protestants
Consequences of religious division in Europe
persecuted in the areas they dominated
Catholics
Protestants
became less influential
the Emperor
the Pope
Protestant kings and nobles
gained more power, taking over
their possessions
their national churches
1521
the Church excommunicated
Luther
Attempted
Church received the protection
of the German nobles
opportunity
their autonomy
from the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire
to increase their possessions
The counter-reformation
Council of Trent
established the Catholic Church’s course of action in three main areas:
The clarification of their teachings
the Protestants had rejected
principles
dogmas
carrying out good deeds
observing the seven sacraments
recognising the Pope
venerating the Virgin Mary
saints
need for priests
to avoid deviations
to interpret the Bible
The repression of Protestantism
followers
considered heretics
Inquisition
was reinforced
Catholic faith
published
Internal reform
Bishops
more strictly controlled
sale of indulgences was prohibited
the religious orders were reformed
Society of Jesus
importance
by Ignatius of Loyola
became
main group responsible for spreading the teachings of the Counter-Reformation
Measures
taken to resolve internal corruption
Seminaries and universities
founded to improve the training priests received
