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B5 - Final Mocks - Coggle Diagram
B5 - Final Mocks
L5 - The Eye
The eye contains two types of receptors (groups of specialised cells that can generate an impulse in a sensory neurone): rods (intensity) and cones (colour).
Parts of the eye:
- Cornea: Starts focussing light rays.
- Pupil: A hole within the iris that allows for light to pass through.
- Lens: Focusses light rays onto the retina (changes shape).
- Retina: Contains receptor cells that allow for detection of light intensity and colour.
- Sclera: Tough, fibrous outer structure that protects the eye.
- Suspensory ligaments: Connect the ciliary muscles to the lens.
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When an object is close, the ciliary muscles contract, the suspensory ligaments loosen and the lens becomes shorter and thicker.
To correct eye disorders:
- Spectacle lenses
- Hard and soft contact lenses
- Laser eye surgery
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L7 - Endocrine System
Rapid Response Hormones:
- Insulin: Quickly regulates blood glucose levels.
- Adrenaline: Prepares body for fight or flight response.
Pituitary Gland:
- Excretes hormones that stimulate other glands to excrete hormones.
- Controls growth in children.
- Stimulates thyroid gland to make the thyroxine hormone.
- Stimulation for testosterone and oestrogen also.
Thyroid Gland:
- Controls the metabolic rate of the body.
- Thyroxine low -> Pituitary gland releases TSH which stimulates thyroid to release thyroxine.
Pancreas:
- Glucagon increases glucose levels, insulin decreases glucose levels.
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L14 - IVF
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- FSH - Produced by the pituitary gland, causes an egg to mature in an ovary, stimulates the ovaries to release oestrogen.
- LH - Triggers ovulation.
- Progesterone - Maintains the lining of the uterus during pregnancy and the middle of the menstrual cycle.
- Oestrogen - Stops FSH from being produced so that only one egg matures.
- Drugs given to patient.
- Eggs are removed.
- Eggs fertilised.
- Embryo returned.
+:
- Unused eggs can be donated or used for research.
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- Drug side effects.
- Multiple births.
L1 - Homeostasis
Homeostasis is the regulation of a constant internal environment in cells to maintain optimum conditions for enzymes to function in response to internal and external conditions.
In the body, conditions that need to be maintained include:
- Body temperature
- Water content
- Blood glucose levels
L4 - The Brain
Parts of the Brain:
- Cerebral cortex: Largest part of the brain, responsible for though and action.
- Cerebellum: Regulates motor movements , coordinates voluntary movements such as posture, balance, coordination and speech.
- Medulla: Helps regulate involuntary movements such as breathing, circulation and digestion.
- Hypothalamus - Temperature control.
- Pituitary gland: Master gland.
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L3 - Req Prac 7
Method:
- Use your weaker hand for this experiment
- Place forearm of weaker arm across a table with your hand overhanging the edge of the table.
- A ruler should be held with the 0cm mark in between your thumb and first finger.
- They will tell you when to prepare to catch the ruler.
- The ruler should be dropped.
- The number level with the top of your thumb should be converted to a reaction time through the use of a table.
- Have a short rest and repeat with independent changed.
L13 - Dialysis
People with kidney failure cannot remove urea from their blood so a dialysis machine must move the urea out of the blood and into dialysis fluid. Disadvantages include:
- A controlled diet must be followed
- Long periods of time are spent connected to the machine
- You feel tired and unwell as the next dialysis period approaches
- Substances are harder to regulate as you get older