cold war
COLD WAR DEVELOPMENTS
Truman Doctrine
1947
1) increased tensions 2)
what are two consequences of the truman doctrine?
AIM OF THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE
- provide aid to Greece and turkey so they could fight against communism. +Containment- communism was to stay were it was at
The Americans and the Brits were worried that communism would spread further in Europe.This was a big problem because it would make trade with eastern Europe much more difficult.
So they came up with the Truman doctrine so countries like Greece and Turkey could fight against it
Cold war crisis
/2.5.3.3/ 2.6.1.3/2.6.3.1
Reaction to crisis
2.5.3.3 international reaction to the soviet measures in Czechoslovakia
Explain two consequences of the soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia
(relations between the usa and ussr)
USA: disapproved of what the soviets had done. They were OUTRAGED
USSR: learned that the USA was very unlikely to take military action this caused the USSR to be more confident (they did not fear US intervention) in going forward in taking action in the Eastern Bloc.
For other communist countries
Conforming: communist countries became more likely to conform because they feared that the soviets would attack them (like they attacked czechoslovakia).
Messed the relationship between China and the USSR. China was angry that the soviets attacked a fellow communists country and they were worried that the soviets would eventually attack them because China was not willing to follow order from the Soviets.
End of the cold war
Attempts to reduce tensions
2.6.1.3 Gorbachev's new thinking and the INF
The collapse of the Soviet control on eastern Europe
2.6.3.1 GOrbachev's new thinking that eventually led to the collapse of the Soviet union...lol...This chain of events all happens in the SAME YEAR 1989
President of the USA during the first four meetings/summits held by Gorbachev :Reagan
1986 Reykajivik
1987Washington summit
1985 Geneva
1988Moscow summit
1989 Malta summit
Positives: good frelationship between Gorbachev and Raegan. They both wanted to improve relationships betwwen the US and the USSR.
Negatives: no firm agreements and Reagan didn't want to stop the development of SDI
Positives: Agree to reduce the amount of nuclear weapons held on both sides
Negatives: US still don't want to stop researching / development of SDI and as a result the soviets say they wont agree to reduce the amount of nuclear weapons unless the Americans stop researching SDI
Positives : Gorbachev compromises and accepts that the us wont give up on SDI. Both sides commit to INF treaty(intermediate range force)
Negatives: Seem as the US can continue with SDI.. this could cause MAD to be undermined.
click to edit
ONLY POSITIVESS Gorbachev agrees to decrease number of soldiers in warsaw pact, agrees to withdraw soviet soldiers from Afghanistan and both sides formally sign INF treaty.
Positives :
Negatives:
Gorbachev meets new president (George bush). This meeting signals the end of the cold war.They both make positive statements eg Gorbachev says I will not start a hot war with the USA
NO FORMAL AGREEMENTS meaning if they wanted to go through with this all over again they could nothing was stopping teach of them t=from throwing a missile to the other.
May 1889 first gap in the iron curtain Location :Hungary.. Hungarian government cuts down barbed wire that links communist hungary to capitalist Austria. Significance:11th of september 125,000 east germans crossed the border to go to Austria. HUngary was the first gp in the iron curtain.
Same month and yr LocationEast Germany: Honecker was upset at Hungary's actions. He went to the SOviets and said they must act on this. BUt it failed, the soviets said there was nothing they could do .Significance:the sinatra doctrine was realthey let eastern european countries do things there own way like they had promised.
June 1989LocationPoland:election results showed that Solidarity won 99/100 votes and the communists won 1/100. The prime minister was now Tadeusz Mazowiecki.Significance Previous uprising by Solidarity had been suppressed however this was not.Soviet union was rejecting the Brezhnev Doctrine nd was allowing non-communist political groups to have power in Eastern Europe.
And finally July LocationRomaniaNemeth (Hungarian Leader)announces key changes he wants to see happen at a meeting with all the Warsaw Pact country leaders. Most of them criticized him but Gorbachev did not criticise him like the rest .Significance: Gorbachev was hinting that the USSR would not try to stop the Hungarians. This gave the HUngarians confidence and the other leaders felt less confident. Why? Because they knew the USSR would not protect them against democracyyy
U2 spy plane
the superpowers were going to have a summit in paris to sort out their issues . ( USA's issue with Fidel Castro taking over cuba(1959) . And the Soviets issue with east germans fleeing to west germany)
13 days before summit , soviets shoot down U2 spy plane (an American spy plane!)
Paris summit 1948 14th March
Khrushchev demands Eisenhower apologies for the spy plain, but he refuses
consequences
increased tensions
nothing was resolved ie no deals on Cuba or berlin
Eisenhower kicked out president Kennedy put in charge and he aims to be stricter/tougher on the USSR
NO agreement on test ban treaty
Failure of summit = failure for the US
The agenda
discuss berlin issue of east berliners fleeing to west berlin
discuss issue with castro becomiung the communist leader of cuba
Test ban treaty
US lied about U2 spy plane and its espionage (bc they were embarrassed . This meant US had no moral advantage over the USSR