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Psychopathology - Coggle Diagram
Psychopathology
Behavioural approach to treating and explaining phobias
Explaining
Two process model - Phobias gained through classical conditioning and then maintained through operant conditioning
Supported by Little albert - Gained a phobia of white rat after being given a white rat and then exposed to a loud sound, then associated the rat with the sound and phobia created
Study found that people with phobias often recalled a negative experience with the phobic stimulus
Challenge - Study found that there was just as many negative experiences with dogs in a control group as in group with dog phobias
Doesn't explain complex phobias like social phobias and other phobias like plan, heights and snakes research found people didnt have negative experiences = biological preparedness
Treating phobias
Systematic desensitisation -
Was found to be more effective when compared to just using relaxation techiques - demonstrating that the gradual exposure and hierarchy are effective parts of the treatment
Flooding
Limitation of both Flooding and SD - both limited in treating complex phobias like social phobias as it only treats the one stimuli and social phobias will often reappear in new stimuli
Biological approach to treating and explaining OCD
Drug therapies treating OCD
SSRIS work by increasing the uptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin - which has been linked to OCD
Limitatations - DO NOT CURE - if drug treatment stops will lead to relapse = do not allow person to over come irrational thoughts behind
STrength were effective in 50-70% of cases and study compares to placebo and after 1 year all SSRIs were performing better
Explaining
Genetic - COMT and SERT genes have been linked to OCD (COMT to dopamine and sert to serotonin)
Gottesmans Twin study - found 87% concordance rate in MZ twins and just 47% in DZ twins - Family studies found that 11.7% chance when had a first degree relative while control was 2.4%
Neural - Heightened levels of dopamine linked to high concentration while low levels of serotonin linked to irritability - both contribute to OCD
Basal ganglia malfunction
Definitions of abnormality