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RELIGIOUS WARS AND THE COUNTER (reformation), image, image, image, image,…
RELIGIOUS WARS AND THE COUNTER (reformation)
RELIGIOUS WARS
SUPPORTS
Protestant German princes supported Luther and formed an alliance called the Schmalkaldic League
The Emperor supported the Pope and the Church
Battle of Mühlberg in 1547
France sided against the Emperor
In a greater balance of military power
Civil war broke out
In which the Emperor and the Catholic German princes defeated the League
Meetings took place
Catholics considered the Lutherans Protestants
But they referred to themselves as the Reformed
The Diet of Worms
1555
The Emperor granted the Protestant princes religious freedom
The Peace of Augsburg was signed
1519
was appointed Emperor, as Carlos V
was a devout Catholic and tried to mediate this conflict to prevent the division of the Church
Series of religious wars
Low Countries
Ended with the victory of the Calvinists in the northern provinces
2 REASONS
A civil war between the Calvinists and Catholics
A rebellion against Spanish rule
Dutch War of Independence
1568-1648
British Isles
Series of conflicts among
Angelicans
Puritans
Catholics
Scotland
Ireland
Anglicans win
1639-1651
The Wars of the Three Kingdoms
France
very bloody episodes
The massacre of Protestants on St. Bartholomew's Day in 1572
Conflicts ended in 1598 when King Henry IV signed the Edict of Nantes
Granted the Protestants a certain amount of religious freedom
wars between Catholics and Protestants continued
1521
The Church excommunicated Luther
They attempted to prosecute him for heresy
Luther received the protection of the German nobles
They saw an opportunity to increase possessions and their autonomy
Conseguences of religious division in Europe
Pope and Emperor became less influential
Protestant kings and nobles gained more power,taking
national churches
possessions
In Switzerland
Calvanist executed,Miguel Servet (Spanish), because his religious belifs
Protestans and Catholics persecuted each other in their areas
THE COUNTER-REFORMATION
The clarification of their teachings
Dogmas and principle in Protestants were mantained
Observing the 7 sacraments
Recognising the Pope as the highest authority
Venerating Virgin Mary and saints
Carry out good deeds
Need of priests to interpret the Bible
Internal reform
Bishops were strictly controlled
Sale of indulgences prohibited
Seminaries and universities founded
Improve training priests
Religious orders reformed
Mesures taken to resolve internal corruption
Society of Jesus (1534)
Founded by Ignatius of Loyola
Promise obedience to the Pope
Gained importance
Jesuits became main responsible group
Spread teechings of Counter-Reformation
1545-1563
Catholic Church's course
Internal reform
The repression of Protestantism
The clarification of their teachings
Council of Trent
The repression of Protestantism
Inquisition
Reinforced
Index of frorbidden books
Opposed of Catholic faith published
Follower considered heretics
What was?
The Catholic Church vs Protestant Reformation
Religious, Intellectual and Political movement
