Religious wars and the Counter-Reformation

Religious wars image

The Counter-Reformation

Religious war series were caused by the agreement of the Peace of Augsburg

Consequences of religious division in Europe

Luther's excommunication image

Various meetings took place but none was succesful

The emperor, pope and Church fought against the Schmalkaldic league

In 1519 Carlos I , who was a devout Catholic

the Peace of Augsburg was signed in 1555

In 1521 The Church

Attempted to prosecute him

Excommunicated Luther

but failed because the German nobles protected him

Because they saw an opportunity to

increase their autonomy from the Emperor

increase their possessions

Was appointed for emperor

tried to mediate in the conflict to avoid the division of the Church

Lutherans were considered

For example the Diet of Worms

Reformed for themselves

Protestants for the Catholics

In a civil war

Which was composed by Luther and the Protestant German princes

Called Battle of Mühlberg in 1547.

where Catholics won

under which the Emperor granted the Protestant princes religious freedom.

In the Low Countries

In the British Isles

In France

There were lots of massacres such as

These conflicts ended in 1598 when King Henry IV signed the Edict of Nantes

wars between Catholics and Protestant continued until the second half of the 16th century

St. Bartholomew's Day in 1572

the Dutch War of Independence or Eighty Years' War (1568-1648) took place.

It ended with the victory of the Calvinists in the northern provinces.

A civil war between the Calvinists and Catholics broke out

the Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1639-1651) took place.

These were a series of conflicts among the Catholics, Anglicans and Puritans

In England, Scotland and Ireland

Anglicans gained power

The Pope's and Emperor's influence decreased

Protestants and Catholics persecuted each other

Protestant nobility became more important

The council of Trent image

The Counter-Reformation was a image

Intellectual

Religious

Political

movement led by the Catholic Church against the Protestant Reformation.

Established the Church's course of action on

1545-1563,

Internal reform

Clarification of their teachings

the repression of Protestantism

The dogmas and principles that the Protestants had rejected were maintained

accepting the Pope

Venerating the Virgin Mary and the saints

Only priests could interpretate the BIble

The indulgences couldn't be sold

Seminaries and universities were founded

The society of Jesus gained importance

Inquisition was reinforced

Some books were prohibited