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Religious wars and the Counter-Reformation - Coggle Diagram
Religious wars and the Counter-Reformation
Religious wars
Religious war series were caused by the agreement of the Peace of Augsburg
In the Low Countries
the Dutch War of Independence or Eighty Years' War (1568-1648) took place.
It ended with the victory of the Calvinists in the northern provinces.
A civil war between the Calvinists and Catholics broke out
In the British Isles
the Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1639-1651) took place.
These were a series of conflicts among the Catholics, Anglicans and Puritans
In England, Scotland and Ireland
Anglicans gained power
In France
There were lots of massacres such as
St. Bartholomew's Day in 1572
These conflicts ended in 1598 when King Henry IV signed the Edict of Nantes
wars between Catholics and Protestant continued until the second half of the 16th century
Consequences of religious division in Europe
The Pope's and Emperor's influence decreased
Protestants and Catholics persecuted each other
Protestant nobility became more important
Luther's excommunication
Various meetings took place but none was succesful
Lutherans were considered
Reformed for themselves
Protestants for the Catholics
For example the Diet of Worms
The emperor, pope and Church fought against the Schmalkaldic league
In a civil war
Called Battle of Mühlberg in 1547.
where Catholics won
Which was composed by Luther and the Protestant German princes
In 1519 Carlos I , who was a devout Catholic
Was appointed for emperor
tried to mediate in the conflict to avoid the division of the Church
the Peace of Augsburg was signed in 1555
under which the Emperor granted the Protestant princes religious freedom.
In 1521 The Church
Attempted to prosecute him
but failed because the German nobles protected him
Because they saw an opportunity to
increase their autonomy from the Emperor
increase their possessions
Excommunicated Luther
The Counter-Reformation
The council of Trent
Established the Church's course of action on
Internal reform
The indulgences couldn't be sold
Seminaries and universities were founded
The society of Jesus gained importance
Clarification of their teachings
The dogmas and principles that the Protestants had rejected were maintained
accepting the Pope
Venerating the Virgin Mary and the saints
Only priests could interpretate the BIble
the repression of Protestantism
Inquisition was reinforced
Some books were prohibited
1545-1563,
The Counter-Reformation was a
Intellectual
movement led by the Catholic Church against the Protestant Reformation.
Religious
Political
