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rousseau, express general will. & probeerde zo democratisch mogelijk…
rousseau
the sovereign
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no bounding regulations, want is het zelf
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only legitimate political authority is the authority consented to by all the people,
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“Men are born free, yet everywhere are in chains.”
lawgiver needed
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early in existence state
not too early, not too late
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monarchy difficult
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heditary.? corruption, bad leaders
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soorten law
(1) Political Laws, or Fundamental Laws, which are the main subject of The Social Contract. These determine the relationship the body politic has with itself, the fundamental structure of the state.
(2) Civil Laws, which deal with individuals in relation with each other or with the body politic as a whole.
3) Criminal Laws, which deal with cases where the law is broken.
(4) the morals, customs, and beliefs of the people. These determine the quality of the people and the success of the more rigid, written laws.
religion
"religion of man," which is a personal religion, rousseau like, but hurts state
"religion of the citizen," which is the official religion of the state, corrupts religion
Catholic church, among others, which he condemns forcefully
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in a large state, each individual will care less about the well-being of the state
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large states are well suited to monarchy, small states to democracy, and intermediate states to aristocracy.
kinds aristocracy 3
(1) Natural aristocracy, primitive civilizations, where elders and heads of families govern a village or tribe.
(2) Elective aristocracy, best kind of aristocracy, where those with power or riches, or those who are best suited to govern, are placed in charge.
(3) Hereditary aristocracy, worst kind of aristocracy, where certain families govern
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monach, arist, demo allemaal gemixed
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state does not produce any goods itself, and so must live off the surplus produced by the people
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Democracy can survive where there is little surplus and monarchy thrives where there is a great surplus
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citizen must render whatever services or goods are necessary to the state, but the state cannot demand more than what is necessary from the citizen
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