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UK Physical Landscape - Coasts, Human Impact Coast, Coastal Flooding :D,…
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Human Impact Coast
Climate Change: more heat means higher wind speeds and more energy from the sea evaporation. Thus more storms.
Agriculture: not protected, no vegetation weakens soil so easier weathering, drained marshland no flood barrier.
Industry: quarries expose rock, extracting certain materials from beach, ports destroy natural flood barriers.
Infrastructure: settlements, roads businesses. Hard engineering protects coast, but more erosion later on. Narrow beaches = more erosion.
Coastal Flooding :D
Rising Sea Levels: flood low lying areas. More frequent tides, exponentially weaker coast, cliffs fall, narrower beaches.
Storm Frequencies: More powerful and frequent storms. Hard rocks now eroded. Areas stripped of material. More frequent storm surges.
Threats to Environment: sea water damage, salt marshes ruined (at lagoons), trees uprooted.
Threats to People: loss of housing, flooding of businesses, tourist damage, infrastructure damage.
Coastal Processes
Erosion - breaking down of rocks through waves. Hydraulic Action, Abrasion, Attrition, Solution.
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Transportation - moving material along the coast. Happens by Longshore Drift - Prevailing wind and gravity.
Traction, Saltation, Suspension, Solution
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Managing Coasts
Hard Engineering: man-made, strong ways. Expensive, ugly, unsustainable.
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Reasons to protect: rising sea levels, value of buildings/economy, protecting environment, more erosion elsewhere
Sub-Aerial Processes
Mass Movement - shifting of rocks and (saturated) loose material down a slope, as gravity pulls it down.
Slump: name describes it, fall down slope.
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Slide: almost like cut, material falls in a straight line.
Weathering - rocks being broken down by natural processes like wind, ice, and rain, or chemical processes.
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Mechanical: Freeze-Thaw. 1, Sea water gets into cracks and joints. 2. Crystals evaporate and condense, forming salt crystals that do the same. 3. This adds pressure, widening the crack until it break.
Chemical: Carbonation Weathering. 1. Dissolved CO2 in water makes them carbonic acids (weak). 2, Carbonic acids with calcium carbonate in rocks, dissolving the rocks.
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Fetch: how strong the wind was that created the wave, and how far it travelled for.
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