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Ariana Hernandez P.7 Reproductive System - Coggle Diagram
Ariana Hernandez P.7
Reproductive System
Anatomy of male reproductive structures
Ejaculation- this involves forcing the semen through the urethra to the outside of the body.
Orgasm- culmination of sexual stimulation, a feeling of psychological and physilogical release.
Erection- vasodilation of arteries in erectile and compression of vein leading out of the tissue cause the penis to swell and elongate.
Testes- This produces the sperm and its structure consists of 250 loubles and each of the loubles hold 1-4 coiled seminiferous tublues.
Scrotum- It is the pouch of skin and subcutaneous tissue that houses the testes, and it encloses, protects, and regulates temperature of testes.
Emmision- involves movement of sperm cells and accessory gland secretions into urethra they blend to form semen controlled by sympathetic impulses.
Penis- A cylindrical organ that conveys both urine and semen to the outside. It contains specialized erectile tissue corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum which stiffens for sexual intercourse.
Anatomy of female reproductive structures
uterus- it is a hollow muscular organ that receives embryo from uterine tube, and maintains development of the embryo and then fetus. The upper two-thirds of the uterus, the body, has a dome-shaped and the Lower one-third of the uterus is the cervix, which extends into the vagina.
ovary- The ovaries are subdivided into an inner medulla and an outer cortex. Its structure is solid, ovoid structures located within the lateral wall of the pelvic cavity.
uterine tube- it has a normal site of fertilization, it leads from the ovary to the uterus, it is the near ovaries and they expand to form an infundibulum with fingerlike fimbriae on its margins.
cortex-contains ovarian follicles and is covered by cuboidal epithilium.
medulla- is made up of connective tissue, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves.
vagina- is a fimbomuscular tube that extends from the uterus to the outside and it is partiallly covered by a membrane called hymen.
Hormones of the reproductive system (male and female)
male hormones- androgens, and testosteron which is the most important one.
Androgens- Male sex hormones. It produces changes during puberty like the hairs from the armpit grow and more.
Testerones- Stimulates development of male reproductive organs and it is responsible for male secondary sexual characteristics the deep voice, body hair, thickening of the skin, and increased muscular and skeletal growth.
female hormones- estrogens, progesterone, GnRH, Lh, and FSH.
progesterone- It causes endometrium to become more vascular, and uterine glands to secrete nutrients for a possible embryo. It also triggers uterine changes during the menstrual cycle.
FSH- stimulates the maturation of a follicle in the ovary
Estrogens- responsible for female secondary sexual characteristics, like breast development, sex organ enlargement, increased adipose tissue deposition, and increases vascularization of the skin.
LH- stimulates cells to produce testosterone precursors, which can be converted into estrogens in the ovary.
GnRH- The secretion from the hypothalamus causes secretion of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary.
Major functions of the Reproductive system (male and female)
Major function of the male reproductive system is to produce sperm cells and to produce and secrete male sex hormones.
The major functions of the female reproductive system are houses and nourishes developing embryo and fetus
Events of the female hormonal cycles (be sure to include all categories)
Ogenesis- is the process of oocyte production. Starting at puberty, some oocytes are stimulated to continue meiosis and meiosis results in oocytes having half the number of chromosomes 23 of them as other body cells.
Ovulation- process of releasing the secondary oocyte and polar body from the mature antral follicle and the surface of the ovary.
Follicle maturation- During the reproductive years, primordial follicles go into primary follicles. The follicle development takes 300 days.
Disorders associated with the reproductive system (including STI’s)
Genital Herpes- The way of getting this disease is by having sex with someone who has the disease. STD is caused by herpes simplex viruses both type 1 and 2.
Bacterial vaginosis- this is when there is a lot of bacteria in the vagina and it occurs when the woman is sexually active.
Hepatitis- Hepatitis B and C are infection that can cause serious health problems including liver cancer, liver damage, and death.
Chlamydia- this is a very common sexually transmitted disease that can be in both genders and the way it is transmitted is by having anal, oral, or vaginal sex.
Gonorrehea- A sexually transmitted disease that can infect both genders and if a woman is pregnant she can pass it on to the baby.
Trichomanasis- A common disease that is sexually transmitted that is caused by infection with a potozan parasite called trichomonas vaginals.
Syphills- A sexually transmitted infection that can cause serious health problems if it is not treated on time. It is transmitted in direct contact with vaginal, oral, and anal sex.
Methods and Classification of contraceptives
Male sterilization- is a surgical method of permanantly preventing a pregnancy which is the vasectomy in the male. its effectiveness is 99.85%.
Internal condom- It is placed in the vagina and its effectiveness is 79%.
Female sterilization- is a surgical method of permanantly preventing a pregnancy which is cutting the uterine tubes. the effectiveness is 99.5%.
External condom- It is place on the penis into the vagina and its effectiveness is 87% and it is a behavioral action.
Pill- If doctor recomends it u take by swollowing the pill so it can freeze the egg and the effectiveness is 92%.