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CHAPTER 4: DEFINING PERFORMANCE & CHOOSING MEASUREMENT APPROACH -…
CHAPTER 4: DEFINING PERFORMANCE & CHOOSING MEASUREMENT APPROACH
Defining performance
Performance is :
Behavior
What employees do
Performance is not
Results or outcomes
What employees produces
Behavior labeled as performance are
Evaluative
Neutral
Positive
Negative
Multidimensional
Many different kind of behavior
Advance or hinder organization goals
Use of results
Not all behavior are
Observable
Measureable
Result/ consequences are sometimes used
To infer behavior
Asproxy for behavior measure
Determinant of performance
Procedural knowledge
Combination of knowing what to do and how to do it
Include cognitive physical, perceptual motor and interpersonal skills
Motivation
Choice of level effort
Choice of to persist in the expenditure of that level of effort
Expand effort
Declarative knowledge
Information about fact and things
Information regarding a given tasks requirement
Implication for addressing performance problem
3 Factor influencing determinant of performance
Hr practices
Work environment
Employee
Performance demension
2 type of behavior
Prosocial behavior
Organizational citizen behavior
task performance define as
Activities that transform raw material into goods and services that are produced by the organization
2.
Activities that help with the transformation process by replenishing the supply of raw materials,
distributing its finished products, or providing important planning, coordination, supervising, or staff
functions that enable the organization to function effectively and efficiently.
Need to consider many different type of behavior to understand performance
Contextual performance , also called as citizen performance involve those behavior not directly to job task but give impact on organizational, social, and psychological context
Why both task and contextual performance dimension be include in performance management system
Many organization are forming employees into team
Provide additional benefits
Related to the issue of global competition is the need to offer outstanding customer service.
Difficult for them to ignore the contextual performance dimension
Global competition is raising the levels of effort required of employees
Approach to measuring performance
3 type of approach to measure performance
Results Approach
Workers are skills in the needed behaviors
Results show consistent improving over time
Emphasizes the outcomes and results produced by the employee
There are many ways to do job right.
Trait approach
Traits are not under control of individual
The fact that an individual possesses a certain traits
Emphasizes the individual performance and ignore the specific situation, behavior and results
Individual are embedded in specific situation
Behavior approach
Emphasizes what employees do on the job and doesn't consider employees traits
Outcomes occurs in the distant future
The link between behavior and results is not obvious
Poor results are due to causes beyond the performer control