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Reproductive System Melissa Figuero Per 1 - Coggle Diagram
Reproductive System
Melissa Figuero
Per 1
Anatomy of male reproductive structures
testes- site of sperm production; produces testosterone
scrotum- sac of skin containing testes
ductus deferens- joins duct of seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct
urethra- tube that allows urine and sperm to exit the body
penis- external genitalia; corpus spongiosum and corpus cavernosa
prepuce- foreskin
seminal gland- contracts during ejaculation; move seminal fluid and sperm into the urethra
ejaculatory duct- delivers sperm into urethra
prostate- secretes milky and acid fluid
epididymis- where sperm mature
bulbourethral gland- Cowper's Gland; lubricates penis
Anatomy of female reproductive structures
ovaries- produce eggs/ova
uterine/fallopian tube- site of fertilization
cervix- keeps baby in place until it's fully developed
ovarian follicles- contains oocytes
uterus- receives/retain/nourish fertilized ovum
endometrium- innermost layer where fertilized egg stays during development
myometrium- contracts during childbirth
perimetrium- outermost layer
vagina- birth canal; passageway for menstrual flow
hymen- ruptures with intercourse
mammary glands- production of milk
Disorders associated with the reproductive system
testicular cancer- lump/swelling of either/both testes
prostate cancer- causes problems with urination
breast cancer- 2nd most common cause of death in women; identified using mammograms
chlamydia- bacterial infection that can cause urethritis; penile/vaginal discharge; abdominal/ rectal/testicular pain
trichomoniasis- parasitic infection where 70% of women don't have symptoms
gonorrhea- bacterial infection where most are asymptomatic
syphilis- bacterial infection transmitted through sex or congenitally
HPV- group of around 40 viruses; vaccination provided for ages 11/12; goes away on its own in most cases
genital herpes- most are asymptomatic; treated by antiviral drugs; doesn't have a cure
Major functions of the Reproductive system
breastfeeding
secrete sex hormones (progesterone/ estrogen/testosterone)
produce egg/sperm cells
produce offspring
develop fetus
provides spot for fertilization
Hormones of the reproductive system
testosterone- male sex hormone made in the testicles; helps males go through puberty
progesterone- helps uterus prepare for fetus; helps maintain pregnancy
estrogen- makes hips wider/breasts grow; helps females go through puberty
FSH- helps control menstrual cycle; stimulates the growth of eggs and the release of estrogen
LH- helps control the menstrual cycle; triggers the release of an egg from the ovary
Events of the female hormonal cycles
ovarian cycle
ovulation- release of egg
luteal- antrium fills with clotted blood; remaining cells form corpus luteum which secretes progesterone and estrogen
follicular stage- FSH levels decrease in middle of phase
menstrual cycle
menstrual phase- ovarian hormones are at their lowest lebels; functional layer is shed
proliferative phase- increased estrogen layers help regenerate the functional layer
ovulation on day 14
secretory phase- most consistent in duration; if fertilization doesn't occur progesterone levels decrease
Methods and Classification of contraceptives
birth control- avoids fertilization by preventing implantation
coitus interruptus- "pull out method"
rhythm method- abstinence during ovulation
injectable contraception- injection of progesterone every 3 months
intrauterine devices- IUD; prevent implantation of embryo by being implanted in uterus
sterilization- surgical methods to permanently prevent pregnancy like vasectomies and getting ones tubes tied
condom- put in vagina or over penis; protective sheath to prevent sperm from entering vagina
diaphragm- dome shaped silicone cup put in vagina