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Reproductive System By: Guadalupe Quinones p.5 - Coggle Diagram
Reproductive System
By: Guadalupe Quinones p.5
Major Functions:
Male Reproductive system:
Organs:
-Testes produce sperm & hormones, consist of 250 lobes separated by connective tissue
-Seminiferous tubules are with stratified epithelium that contains spermatogenic cells that give rise to sperm cells
-Leading from the seminiferous tubules carry sperm to the epididymis
-Interstitial cells lie between the seminiferous tubules & produce the male sex hormone
Internal Accessory:
-Nurture & transport sperm cells
-Each testis is with an epididymis, a duct deferens, a seminal vesicle
-Other organs are the prostate gland & bulbourethral gland
Epididymis:
-Coiled tube connected to the testies
-Site of sperm maturation
-Sperm become motile & develop the ability to fertilize an egg
Ductus Deferens:
-Muscular tubes
-Lead from epidiymis into the body cavity
-Unites with seminal vesical duct & empties into ejaculatory duct
-Ejaculatory duct travels through prostate gland & empties it's contents into urethra
Seminal Vesicles:
-Sac attached the vas deferent near the base of the urinary bladder
-Secrete a fluid that makes up a large portion of the semen
-Contains fructose to nourish sperm
-Has pH to help pH in vagina
Prostate Gland:
-Surrounds the urethra at the base of the urinary bladder
-Secretes thin milky fluid that contains citrate
-Nutrient for sperm
-Enzyme helps liquefy semen
Scrotum:
-Pouch of skin for testes
-Protects & helps regulate the temp. of testes
Penis:
-Organ that conveys both urine & semen to the outside
-Contains specialized tissue that stiffens for sexual intercourse
-Corpus spongiosum enlarges its distal end to form gland penis
Female Reproductive system:
Organs:
-Produce & maintain egg cells & oocytes
-Transport cells to fertilize
-Provide environment to develop fetus
-Deliver, feed, & nature offspring
-Produce female sex hormones
-Primary sex organs are the ovaries (produce sex cells & hormones)
-Secondary (accessory) sex organs are the internal & external reproductive system
Ovaries:
-Produce oocytes & female sex hormones
-Subdivide into inner medulla & outer cortex
Uterine Tubes:
-Lead the ovary to the uterus
-They expand to form an infundibulum with fingerlike fimbrias on margins
-Cells that line tubes have cilia
-Take egg to uterine tube
-Normal site of fertilization
Uterus:
-Muscular organ
-Receive embryo from uterine tube
-Uterine wall has 3 layers (endometrium, myometrium, & perimetrium)
-Bends foward over urinary badder
Vagina:
-Fibromuscular tube that extends from uterus to the outside
-Vaginal is covered by the hymen
-Vaginal wall has 3 layers
-Conveys uterine secretions
-Receives the penis during sexual intercourse
-Seves as birthing canal
Labia Majora:
-Protect other external reproductive organs, correspond to the scrotum of the male
-Anterior ends meet to form mons pubis covers pubic symphysis
Labia Minora:
-Flattened
-Flods between the labia majora
-Form a hood around the clitoris
Clitoris:
-Small projection at anterior end of valva
-Corresponds to the penis & has similar structure
-Contains columns
Vestibule:
-Space enclosed by labia minora
-Goes into vagina & urethra opening
-Vestibular gland lie on either side of vaginal opening
-Corresponds to bulbourethral gland & Provo lubrication
Female Sex Hormones:
-Hormones secrete by the hypothalamus
-The anterior pituitary & ovaries
Estrogen:
-Repsonsible for secondary sexual characteristics
-Breast developement
-sex organ enlargement
-Increase adipose tissue deposition
-Increase in vascularization of skin
-Ovaries also maintain progesterone
Androgens:
-produce changes in puberty
-Growth of pubic & axillary hair
-low androgen concentration allows broadening of hips
Male Sex Hormones:
-Testosterone
-Estradiol
-Follicle stimulating hormone
-luteinzing hormone
-Progestrogen
-Estrogen
Menstrual Cycle:
-Anterior pituitary gland secretes follicle stimulating hormones & luteinizing hormone
-FSH stimulates maturation of the dominant follicle
-Follicular cells produce & secrete estrogen
-The anterior pituitary release a surge of LH & secrete estrogen & progesterone
-If the the secondary oocyte is not fertilized, the corpus lute degenerates & no longer secretes estrogen & progesterone
-When the concentration of estrogen & progesterone decline the blood vessels in the endometrium constrict
-The uterine lining disintegrates & sloughs off producing a menstrual flow
-the anterior pituitary gland is no longer inhibited & again secretes FSH & LH
-Repeats
Disorders With Reproductive System:
-Endometriosis
-Uterine Fibroids
-Gynecologic Cancer
-HIV/AIDS
-Interstitial Cystitis
-PCOS
STD
Contraceptives:
-Condoms
-Pills
-Implants
-Injections
-Vaginal ring
-IUD
-Sterilization
-SDM
-Withdrawl