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Adaptions of Organisms - Coggle Diagram

- - - - D: square frame used to
        define size of sample area
      - important to choose right
        size of quadrat depending
        on size of area
      - normally 50cm or 1m
    - - D: number of large pins can be
        lowered into ground
      - each pin species recorded as being
        present if pin touches species
      - frequency of 5% indicates
        5% of pins touch species
  - - - D: used when no clear
        pattern of species
        distribution
      - avoids bias + ensures
        representative
      - METHOD
        
        given area divided into grid
        
        tapes laid at right angles to each other
        
        random numbers generated + used as coordinates to select sampling points
        
        bottom left hand corner quadrat placed on point
        
        repeated for reliability
      - CALCULATIONS
        
        number of organisms in each
        coordinate counted
        
        mean no. of organisms per coordinate
        calculated using total values for each coordinate
        
        Mean no. organisms per quadrat x area field
        Area of quadrat
    - - D: used when clear zonation
        in area or when clear transition
        1 habitat to another
        e.g. riverbank/woodland/seashore
      - Line Transect
        
        tape measure stretched
        along straight line
        
        organisms recorded when touch
        the tape + identified
        
        frequency recorded
        (crude + limited value obtained)
      - Belt Transect
        
        quadrats placed end to end
        along sampling line
        
        continually sampled from 1 end
        to the other
        
        care taken so sampler doesn't
        trample plants that are in sample
        (most detailed)
      - Interrupted Belt Transect
        
        set up same as belt transect
        but quadrats placed at intervals
        
        species within recorded
        (used over large distances - seashore to dunes)