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Trends in the periodic table - Coggle Diagram
Trends in the periodic table
Period
Horizontal row on the periodic table.
There are 7 periods in the periodic table
Group
Vertical column in the periodic table.
There are 18 groups in the periodic table.
Radius
Atomic radius
Distance from nucleus to outermost stable electron.
Ionic radius
Half the distance of two ions barely touching eachother
Cations (positive) have a smaller ionic radius than original atom.
Anions (negative) have a larger ionic radius than original atom.
Decreases across period.
Reasons: Nuclear charge increases, Valence electron increases.
Increases down the group.
Reasons: Shielding effect, number of shells increase.
Ionisation energy
Energy required to remove an electron from atom from outermost shell.
Increases across period.
Decreases down the group.
When the shells increase, electrons are further away from nucleus, so less nuclear force, so it is easy to escape.
Electron affinity
Energy released when an electron is added to outermost shell of atom.
Increases down the group.
Decreases across the period.
Electronegativity
Tendency of an atom to attract to shared pair of electrons.
Metallic/non-metallic character
Metallic: Ease with which an atom can lose an electron.
Non-metallic: Ease with which an atom can gain an electron.