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Reproductive system Marisol Gomez Period 1 - Coggle Diagram
Reproductive system Marisol Gomez Period 1
Major Functions:
Form cells (sperm and ova) for sexual reproduction. Sperm (male) ova (female)
Bring together male and female gametes through sex
Combine genetic info through fertilization. Sperm and egg fuse. m
Support development and birth of the baby.
Male reproductive system:
Testes: produce sperm. found in the scrotum. has two tunics. tunica vaginalis (outer layer) and tunica albuginea (inner layer)
scrotum: sac of skin. hangs outside abdominopelvic cavity. has a pair of testes
ductus deferens: pass through inguinal canal. Form ejaculatory duct
Urethra: convey urine and semen
penis: made up of spongy urethra. the male copulatory organ
seminal glands: produce seminal fluid
prostate: smooth muscle that contracts during ejaculation. secreted milky, acid fluid
cowpers gland: produce thick, clear mucus during arousal. lubricate
Female reproductive system:
ovaries: female gonads, produce gametes. secrete sex hormones such as estrogen and progesterone
uterine tubes: (aka fallopian tubes) site of fertilization. capture oocyte.
the uterus: receive, retain, and nourish fertilized ovum
Uterine wall: Perimetrium (outermost) Myometrium (bulky middle layer) Endometrium (mucosal lining)
The vagina: birth canal, passageway for menstrual flow, and organ copulation
perineum: diamond shaped region between pubic arch and coccyx
Clitoris: erectile tissue
vestibule: labia minora
Hormones:
GnRH: released from hypothalamus and reaches to the anterior pituitary
FSH & LH: gonadotropins released from anterior pituitary
testosterone: target tissue in body (male)
progesterone and estrogen: target tissue in body (female)
inhibin: released from gonads of male and female
Events at cycle:
Ovarian cycle:
Follicular: period of follicle growth (day 1-14). FSH levels drop around middle of follicular.
luteal phase: period of corpus luteum (day 14-28). remaining cells form corpus luteum Secrete progesterone and some estrogen.
Uterine cycle:
Menstrual phase (day 1-5): Ovarian hormones lowest levels. Gonadotropin levels rise. By day 5 the growing ovarian follicles start to produce more estrogen.
Proliferative phase (day 6-14): Estrogen increases synthesis of progesterone receptors in endometrium. Thins out normally thick cervical mucus. Ovulation happens on day 14.
Secretory phase (day 15-28): Most consistent during duration. Prepares for embryo to implant.
Disorders associated:
Cervical cancer: tumor in the cervix. Cam cause abnormal discharge, pelvic pain, vaginal bleeding, and painful sex.
Testicular cancer: Cancer that develops in the testicles. Can create a lump, swollen lymph nodes, fluid in scrotum and abdominal pain.
prostate cancer: cancer in prostate gland. Can cause blood in urine, blood in semen, painful ejaculation, and erectile dysfunction.
Syphilis: Highly contagious STI, bacterial infection
Genital Herpes: STD caused by herpes
Chlamydia: Common STD that infect both women and men. Can cause permanent damage to women reproductive system.
Gonorrhea: STD that causes infection in genitals, rectum and throat.
Hepatitis: Can cause liver infection. Highly contagious
Trichomoniasis: Caused by infection with a protozoan parasite called trichomonas.
AIDS/HIV: virus that attacks the body's immune system. If not treated can lead to aids.
HPV/Genital Warts: Most common STI
PID: infection of a women's reproductive. organs complication often cause by STD"s
Contraceptives:
Most effective:
Female sterilization: Cutting of the uterine tubes, preventing sperm from reaching egg.
male sterilization: removal of small portion of the vas deferens preventing sperm from entering semen.
IUD: objects implanted in the uterus either toxic to sperm and egg cell or precent implantation of embryo by inhibiting growth of endometrium thicken cervical mucus.
Injectables: Injection of progesterone derivative prevent follicle maturation and ovulation. work for 3 months.
Moderately effective:
The pill: daily pill that contains hormones to change the way the body works.
Patch: put on the skin to prevent pregnan cy.
diaphragm: contract rhythm. Continually contract and flatten the chest.
Least Effective:
Internal condom: Pouch inserted in the vagina before sex for birth control and protection against STI.
External condom: Thin, protective sheath that fits snuggly over penis.
fertility awareness: natural family planning strategy. women use to help prevent pregnancy.
Withdrawal: withdraw penis from vagina and away from women's external genitals before ejaculation.
spermicides: Chemicals substance that kills sperm and is used as a type of birth control.