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The Reproductive system Matillda Garcia P.2 - Coggle Diagram
The Reproductive system Matillda Garcia P.2
Major functions:
male
produce sperm cells
excrete sperm cells out of body during sexual activity
deliver sperm cells to female egg
produce an erection
produce male sex hormones
Female
produce and maintain sex cells
transport cells to fertilization site
provide environment for fetus
deliver, feed and nurture off spring
produce female sex hormones
anatomy of male reproductive structures
testes
produce sperm
produce hormones
epididymis
site of sperm maturation
leads from testes to ductus deferens
Ductus deferens
leads from epididymis to body cavity
unites with seminal vesicle
seminal vesicles
attached to vas deferens near the urinary bladder
secrete fluid that makes up a large portion of semen
the fluid contains fructose and akaline pH
prostate gland
surrounds urethra at urinary bladder base
secrets thin, milky fluid
urethra
passageway for semen
passageway for urine
cowpers gland
located inferior to prostate gland
secrets mucus into urethra
mucus lubricates tip of penis in response to sexual stimulation
semen
reproductive fluid transported through urethra
contains sperm cells
scrotum
protects and regulates temp of testes
pouch of skin and subcutaneous tissue that houses the testes
suspended from lower abdomen
penis
cylindrical organ that conveys urine and semen
has specialized erectile tissue
anatomy of female reproductive structures
ovary
located within the lateral wall of pelvic cavity
stores egg cells
uterine tubes
has the thickness of spaghetti noodle
normal site of fertilization
where the egg cell and sperm cell meet
uterus
where implantation occurs
upper two thirds are called the body
lower one third is the cervix
has three walls: endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium
is tipped forward
baby develops in uterine wall
cervix is the opening of uterus
vagina
the birth canal
partially covered by a membrane called hymen
labia majora
otherwise known as the vagina lips
enclosed and protects other external reproductive organs
labia minora
flattened longitudinal fold between the labia majora
forms clitoris hood
clitoris
small projection that is at the anterior end of the vulva
similar to penis structure
contains columns of erectile tissue
vestibule
where the vagina and urethra open
lie on either side of the vaginal opening
correspond to cowper gland and provide lubrication
male and female reproductive hormones
male
GnRH
triggers production of gonadotropins from anterior pituitary gland
secreted by hypothalamus
Luteinizing hormone
promotes development of interstitial cells of testes
secretes male hormone, testosterone
Follicle-stimulating hormone
stimulates stertoli cell of semineferous tubules to respond to testosterone
testosterone
stimulates the development of male reproductive organs
responsible for deep voice, body hair, thickening of skin and increased muscular and skeletal growth
Female
GnRH
triggers production of gonadotropins from anterior pituitary gland
secreted by hypothalamus
LH
stimulates cells to produce testosterone precursors which can be converted into estrogen
FSH
stimulates maturation of follicle in the ovary
progesterone
promote development of female secondary sexual characteristics as a female mature
continues with menstrual cycle
estrogen
responsible for female secondary sexual characteristics such as breast development, sex organ enlargement, increased adipose tissue deposition and increased vascularization of skin
Events of the female hormonal cycles
the anterior pituitary secretes FSH and LH
FSH stimulates maturation of dominant follicle
follicular cells produce and secrete estrogen
estrogen maintain secondary sex characteristics
estrogen causes endometrium to thicken
anterior pituitary releases a surge of LH which causes ovulation
if the secondary oocyte is not fertilized and the corpus leteum degenerates and no longer secretes estrogen and progesterone
follicular cells become corpus luteum cells which secret estrogen and progesteron
estrogen stimulate uterine wall development
progesterone stimulates endometrium to become more glandular and vascular
estrogens and progesterones inhibit FSH and LH secretion
as estrogen and progesterone concentration declines then the blood vessels in the endometrium constrict
uterine lining disintegrates and sloughs off which produces a menstrual flow
the anterior pituitary gland is no longer inhibited and secretes LH and FSH again
then it repeats
Disorders associated with the reproductive system
AIDS
chlamydia
Genita Herpes
genital warts
gonorrhea
syphilis
Methods and Classification of contraceptives
coitus interrupts
withdrawal of penis from vagina before ejaculation and it isn't very effective
Rhythm Method
keeping track of female fertility window to avoid pregnancy and it isn't effective
mechanical barriers
prevent sperm from entering vagina during sexual intercourse ex. male or female condoms
chemical barriers
contains spermicides and is more effective
combined hormone contraceptives
contain estrogen and progesterone to prevent pregnancy
injectable contraception
injection of progesterone derivative prevents follicle maturation and ovulation and works for three months
contraceptive implants
implantation of a rod containing progesterin under the skin in the arm
intrauterine devices (IUD)
implantation in uterus that prevents embryo growth by inhibiting growth of endometrium
sterilization
surgical methods to permanently prevent pregnancy or sperm production