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Reproductive System, Ilyanna Sanchez , Period 1 - Coggle Diagram
Reproductive System, Ilyanna Sanchez , Period 1
Anatomy of female reproductive structures
Ovaries
Paired structures flank the uterus, are almond shaped and about twice as large
Each ovary is held in place by several ligaments
– Ovarian ligament: anchors ovary medially to uterus
– Suspensory ligament: anchors ovary laterally
to pelvic wall
Ovarian follicles: tiny saclike structures embedded in cortex
Female Duct System
The Uterine Tubes
receive ovulated oocyte and are usual site of fertilization
Regions of uterine tube
– Infundibulum: funnel-shaped opening into the peritoneal cavity
– Fertilization usually occurs
During ovulation, uterine tube captures oocyte
Oocyte is carried along toward uterus by smooth muscle peristalsis and ciliary action
The Uterus
receive, retain, and nourish fertilized ovum
Body: major portion
Fundus: rounded superior region
Isthmus: narrowed inferior region
Cervix: narrow neck, or outlet; projects into vagina
Cervical canal communicates with Vagina via external os, Uterine body via internal os
Uterine wall
Perimetrium: outermost serous layer
Myometrium: bulky middle layer consisting of interlacing layers of smooth muscle
Endometrium: mucosal lining
Simple columnar epithelium on top of a thick lamina propria
– Fertilized egg burrows into endometrium and resides there during development
The Vagina
Functions as birth canal, passageway for menstrual flow, and organ of copulation
External Genitalia
Vulva or pudendum, include:
– Mons pubis: fatty area overlying pubic symphysis
– Labia majora: hair-covered, fatty skin folds
– Labia minora: skin folds lying within labia majora
– Vestibule: recess within labia minora
– Clitoris: anterior to vestibule
Mammary Glands
Main function is milk production to nourish newborn
Modified sweat glands consisting of 15–25 lobes
Areola: pigmented skin surrounding nipple
Lobules within lobes contain glandular alveoli that produce milk
Anatomy of male reproductive structures
The Testes
Testes: sperm-producing male gonads that lie within the scrotum
Surrounded by two tunics
– Tunica vaginalis: outer layer derived from peritoneum
– Tunica albuginea: inner layer forms fibrous capsule
Septa divide testis, containing one to four seminiferous tubules (sperm production)
Sperm is conveyed from seminiferous tubules to straight tubule →rete testis → efferent ductules →epididymis
The Scrotum
Sac of skin and superficial fascia
Contains paired testes
▪ 3°C lower than core body temp.
▪ Lower temp. necessary for sperm production
Male Duct System
Epididymis
Sperm mature
Highly coiled
During ejaculation, epididymis contracts, expelling sperm into ductus deferens
Urethra
Conveys both urine and semen (at different
times)
Ductus Deferens and Ejaculatory Duct
45 cm long
Passes through inguinal canal to pelvic cavity
Joins duct of seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct
Vasectomy: cutting and ligating ductus deferens
Penis
Root and shaft that ends in glans penis
Prepuce, or foreskin: cuff of loose skin covering glans
▪ Circumcision: surgical removal of foreskin
Corpus spongiosum: surrounds urethra and expands to form glans and bulb of penis
Corpora cavernosa: paired dorsal erectile bodies
Erection: erectile tissue fills with blood, causing penis to enlarge and become rigid
Major functions of the Reproductive system (male and female)
Does not become active until puberty
Male and female reproductive organs are quite different, but share same four tasks:
– Form specialized cells for sexual reproduction call gametes
▪ Sperm – gametes in males
▪ Ova(eggs) – gametes in females
– Bring gametes from male and female together through sexual intercourse
– Combine genetic information contained within gametes through fertilization
▪ Zygote is formed when sperm and egg fuse
– Support development of fetus (gestation) and birth of baby (parturition
Reproductive role of female more complex because of pregnancy
Hormones of the reproductive system (male and female)
Primary sex organs (gonads): testes (male) and ovaries (female) product two products:
Gametes: sperm (male) and ova (females)
Sex hormones (steroid hormones): Testosterone (males) and estrogens and progesterone (females)
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) Axis
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH) –gonadotropins released from anterior pituitary
Sex hormones: testosterone (males) and estrogen and progesterone (females) act at target tissues in body
Inhibin: released from gonads of both male and female
Disorders associated with the reproductive system
Testicular cancer
Inflammation of testis could be a risk factor
Cryptorchidism is most common risk factor
Sign: painless, solid mass in testis
90% cured by surgical removal of testis and often radiation or chemotherapy
Syphilis -