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Reproductive System, Nathan Berio, P.6 - Coggle Diagram
Reproductive System, Nathan Berio, P.6
Major functions of the Reproductive system (male and female)
Male
Form specialized cells called sperm
Bring gametes from male and female tgt through sexual intercourse
Combine genetic information contained within gametes forming a zygote (matured cell)
Support development of fetus, gestation, and the birth of baby, parturition
Female
Form specialized gametes called Ova which are eggs
Bring gametes from male and female tgt through sexual intercourse
Combine genetic information contained within gametes forming a zygote (matured cell)
Support development of fetus, gestation, and the birth of baby, parturition
Anatomy of male reproductive structures
The Scrotum
The Testes
Penis
epididymis
ductus deferens
ejaculatory duct
urethra
Accessory sex glands
seminal glands
prostate
bulbo-urethral glands
Duct System
Epididymis
Ductus deferens
Ejaculatory duct
Urethra
Corpus spongiosum
Corpora cavernosa
Bulbo-urethral glands (Cowper’s gland)
Semen
Anatomy of female reproductive structures
Ovaries
paired structures flank the uterus, are almond shaped and about twice as large
held in place by several ligaments
Ovarian ligament
anchors ovary medially to uterus
Suspensory ligament
anchors ovary laterally
to pelvic wall
Ovarian follicles
Duct System
Uterine tubes
Uterus
Vagina
External Genitalia
Mons pubis
Labia majora
Labia minora
Vestibule
Clitoris
Mammary Glands
Internal genitalia
ovaries
duct system
located in pelvic cavity;
Hormones of the reproductive system (male and female)
Male
Testosterone
Exers negative feedback on the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
Female
Estrogen
act at target issues in body
Progesterone
act at target tissues in body
Both
Gonadotrophin-releasing (GnRH)
stimulates FSH and LH secretion
Released by the hypothalamus and reaches anterior pituitary cells
gonadotrophins released from anterior pituitary
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Stimulates follicles to grow, mature, and secrete sex hormones
Produces other cells to produce
androgens, which converts to estrogens
(FSH)
Stimulates follicles to grow, mature, and secrete sex hormones
stimulates cells to release estrogen
Events of the female hormonal cycles
3rd event
Negative feedback inhibits gonadotropin release
4th event
Positive feedback stimulates gonadotropin release
Estrogen levels continue to rise as a result of continued release by dominant
follicle
LH surge
5th event
LH surge causes ovulation and formation of the corpus luteum
Estrogen declines
LH transforms ruptured follicle into corpus luteum
LH stimulates corpus luteum to secrete progesterone and some estrogen
almost immediately
2nd event
FSH and LH work together to stimulate follicles to grow, mature, and secrete sex hormones
FSH stimulates cells to release estrogen, and LH produces other cells to produce androgens, which converts to estrogens
6th event
Negative feedback inhibits LH and FSH release
If no fertilization occurs:Corpus luteum degenerates when LH levels start to fall and Causes a sharp decrease in estrogen and progesterone, which in turn ends
blockage of FSH and LH secretion, causing cycle to start all over again
1st event
GnRH stimulates FSH and LH secretion
Disorders associated with the reproductive system
Testicular cancer
Rare, but most common cancer in men age 15–35
Sign: painless, solid mass in testis
90% cured by surgical removal of testis and often radiation or chemotherapy
Prostate cancer
Third most common cause of cancer death in males that affects 1 in 6 men in U.S.
Treated with surgery and sometimes radiation
Cervical cancer
affects 450,000 women worldwide each year, killing half
Most common between ages 30 and 50
Risks: frequent cervical inflammation; STIs, including HPV; or multiple pregnancies
Breast Cancer
invasive breast cancer is most common malignancy and second most common cuase of cancer death in US women
early onset of menstruation and late menopause
no or late first pregnancy
Genetic
Methods and Classification of contraceptives
Fertility Awareness
monitor fertility signs
Internal Condom
placed in vagina and used every time there is sexual intercourse
Pill
chemically taken to prevent pregancy
IUD
surigcally placed into the uterus
Female Sterilization
surgical procedure, remove portion of uterine tube
Male Sterilization
surgical procedure to remove portion of vas deferens
Injectables
chemically placed into the body through pill or needle
Diaphragm
placed in vagina and must used everytime during sex
External Condom
placed over the penis and collects the sperm
Withdrawal
pull out before ejaculation
Spermicides
chemically placed into the vagina to kill excess sperm