Spanish Culture in the 16th century
The Counter-Reformation
Influenced the Spanish culture
Felipe II
Impeded access to its doctrines
To prevent Protestant beliefs
From spreading across the Iberian Peninsula
In the following ways
Spaniards
Weren't allowed to study
In other countries
Books
Printed outside the Peninsula
Weren't allowed into the country
Science in Spain
Progressed slowly
Because the new ideas and discoveries
Made in other countries
Took a long time to reach the Peninsula
Religion
Played a fundamental role
In all works of art
Literature
The most religious authors
Were mystics who wrote about their spiritual experiences
Saint Teresa of Jesus and Saint John of the Cross
Novels
Contained realistic portrayals of daily life
The tragicomedy of Calisto and Melibea
By Fernando de Rojas
Lazarillo de Tormes
By an unknown author
The most important poet
Garcilaso de la Vega
Art
The church and the monarchy
Used art to spread their ideas and values
The most important works of art
Depictions of religious themes and portraits
In the Spanish Renaissance
There were two styles
Classicist
Strove for harmony and serenity
Was influenced
By Italian art
By Flemish painting
Mythological themes and nudes
Were not portrayed
Mannerist
Dominated in the second half of the century
The works
Were expressive
Had a dramatic quality
The Counter-Reformation wished
To evoke intense feelings
In its followers
And strengthen
Their religious beliefs
Architecture
In the first third of the century
The Plateresque style dominated
This style is characterised
By ornate facades
Was similar to the work
That silversmiths produced
The facade of
Salamanca University
San Marcos Hospital
Santo Domingo Cathedral
In the second third of the century
Buildings
Were constructed in a Classicist / Purist style
This style
Faithfully reproduced
The architectural characteristics
Of the Italian Renaissance
The amount of decoration
Was reduced
Classical elements
Were accentuated
Columns and pediments
Main examples
By Pedro Machuca
The Palace of Carlos V in the Alhambra in Granada
By Diego de Siloé
Granada Cathedral
By Andrés de Vandelvira
Jaén Cathedral
El Salvador Church in Úbeda
By Alonso de Covarrubias
The facade of the Alcázar
The Bisagra Gate
Sculpture
The most important sculptures
In the Classicist style
Those by
Leoni Leoni
Pompeo Leoni
Other important works
Carlos V's and Felipe II's cenotaphs
The bronze sculptures
On the altarpiece of the Basilica of the Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial
The sculpture of Carlos V and the Wrath
Mannerism
The style was adopted
The faces of the sculptures
Became more expressive
They tried to evoke
Intense feelings
To reflect dramatic situations
In some passages of the Bible
The main works
Were of religious imagery
Were painted wooden carvings and altarpieces
The main artists
Alonso Berruguete
The Sacrifice of Isaac
The Matyrdom of Saint Sebastian
Juan de Juni
The Entombment of Christ
The Virgen of Anguish
Painting
The most important Spanish Renaissance paintings
Those by Juan de Juanes
Ecce Homo
The Last Supper
Their idealism
Is similar to Raphael's works
The Italian Titian
The main portrait artist
From the Venetian school
Carlos V's court painter
Produced works
The Battle of Mülberg
Isabella of Portugal
Felipe II's portrait painters
Alonso Sánchez Coello
Juan Pantoja de Cruz
From the middle of the century onwards
Influence of Michael Angelo and Mannerism
Was reflected
In the use of elongated figures
With dramatic expressions on their faces
Luis de Morales
Madonna and Child
Piety
El Greco
The most important artist
In the last third of the century
A Greek artist
Worked in Toledo
His works are characterised
By the drama and spirituality
Reflected on the faces of his subjects
By the use of elongated figures
By cool colours
By dark tones
Examples
The Burial of the Count of Orgaz
The Disrobing of Christ
The Holy Trinity
