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reproductive system: karen b ramos period 5 - Coggle Diagram
reproductive system: karen b ramos period 5
events of the female hormonal cycle:
characterized by monthly changes in uterine lining that led to menstrual flow as endometrium is shed
GnRH:
secretion from hypothalamus causes secretion of FSH & LH from anterior pituitary
FSH:
stimluates maturation of follicle in ovary
menarche:
1st female reproductive cycle, occurs when organs have matured and begin responding to female hormones
LH:
stimulates cells to produce testosterone precursors, which can be converted to estrogen in ovary.
estrogen:
promote development of female secondary sexual characteristics as female matures, during 1st week thicken endometrium of uterus at this time follicle is maturing.
ovulation:
triggered by mid-cycle surge in LH; secondary oocyte & follicular ovulation fluid released from ovary.
methods and classification of contraceptives:
mechanical barriers:
prevent sperm from entering vagina during sexual intercourse [ex: male or female condoms, diaphragm, cervical cap]
chemical barriers:
contains spermicides; most effective when used with a condom [ex: creams, foams, jellies]
rhythm method:
abstinence from sexual intercourse around time of ovulation; not effective
combined hormone contiaceptives:
contains: estrogen & progestins to prevent pregnancy; disrupt normonal patterns of female cycle & prevent follicle maturation & ovulation [ex: chemical ring, patch, oral contraceptives]
Coitus interruptus:
withdrawal of Pennie’s from vagina before ejaculation; not efffective since sperm can reach vaginitis before ejaculation.
anatomy of female reproductive structures:
secondary (accessory) sex organs:
external and internal reproductive organs
primary sex organs:
ovaries: produce sex cells and hormones
anatomy of male reproductive structures:
primary sex organs:
Internal & external reproductive organs (accessory (secondary) sex organs)
testes: produce sperm and hormones
hormones of the reproductive system:
female:
Androgen: also plays role in producing changes at puberty; like growth of pubic & axillary hair
progesterone: triggers uterine changes during menstrual cycle
estrogen: responsible for fermale 2dary sexual characteristics like breast development, sex organ enlargement , increase adipose tissue deposition and increase in vascularization of skin.
male:
follicle-stimulating Sertoli cells of seminiferous tubules to respond to testosterone
androgens:
male sex hormones;
testosterone
is the most important** one
luteinizing hormone (LH):
promotes development of interstitial cells of testes which secrete male hormones
testosterone:
stimulates development of male reproductive organs - responsible for 2dary characteristics like deep voice, body hair, thickening of skin and increase of muscular and skeletal growth
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH):
- secreted by hypothalamus - triggers production of gonadotropins from anterior pituitary
disorders associated with the reproductive system:
AIDS:
acquired immune deficiency syndrome, caused by HIV, can be transmitted by sexual intercourse ;HIV is found in semen; which results in destruction of body’s immune defenses, in which infections and cancers can be fatal.
PID:
pelvic inflammatory disease, which can lead to infections and sterility females; uterine tube scarring may cause infertility
chlamydia infection:
chlamydia trachomatis bacteria
genital herpes:
herpes simplex 2 virus (HSV2) [gential sores; fever
genital warts:
human papilloma virus (HPV) [warts on genitals]
gonorrhea:
neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria [ un women usually none—> in men painful urination]
syphilis:
treponema pallium bacteria [ initial chance on genitals or mouth; rash six months later; several years, with no symptoms as infection spreads; finally damage to heart, liver, nerves and brain.
major functions of the reproductive system:
male:
develops and maintains organs for production of off spring.
delivers sperm to female
female:
produce and maintain sex cells (eggs cells & oocytes)
transport cells to site of fertilization
provides environment for developing fetus
deliver, feed, and nurture off spring
produce female sex hormones