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Concept Map: Reproductive System Angel Martinez Anat/Phys-P5-Franco -…
Concept Map: Reproductive System Angel Martinez Anat/Phys-P5-Franco
Major functions of the Reproductive system
Male Reproductive System
To produce and store sperm
To also deliver sperm
To Produce Sex Hormones
Female Reproductive System
Provide a place for Fertilization
Nourishing a Fetus if egg is fertilized
Secrete Sex Hormones (Estrogen)
Giving Birth to the baby
Produce Eggs
Feed baby outside of the womb (Breastfeeding)
Anatomy of male reproductive structures
Seminal vesicles: Produce molecules such as fructose that serve as energy sources for sperm
Prostate gland: Contributes additional fluid to the ejaculate that serves as nourishment for sperm
Vas deferens: Transports mature sperm to the urethra in preparation for ejaculation.
Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands: Fluid produced by these glands lubricates and cleans the urethra
Testes: Produce sperm and androgens, primarily testosterone
Epididymus: Its function is to store and carry sperm
Scrotum: has a protective function and provides optimal temperatures for sperm
Penis: The penis is the male organ for sexual intercourse and urination.
Anatomy of female reproductive structures
Endometrium: The mucous membrane that lines the uterus in mammals and in which fertilized eggs are implanted.
Vagina: the female reproductive tract and has two primary functions: sexual intercourse and childbirth
Fallopian Tube: serve as pathways for the ova (egg cells) to travel from the ovaries to the uterus.
Uterus:
Hosts the developing fetus,
Passes the anatomically male sperm through to the fallopian tubes
Ovary: Produces eggs and secretes the hormones estrogen and progesterone.
Hormones of the reproductive system
Male Hormones
Testosterone promotes the production of sperm and masculine characteristics like (beards and muscles)
Female Hormones
Luteinising hormone (LH): helps control the menstrual cycle also triggers the release of an egg from the ovary
Estrogen: plays a role in ovulation and thickens the lining of the uterus (endometrium)
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH): helps control the menstrual cycle and stimulates the growth of eggs in the ovaries.
Progesterone: helps prepare your body for conception and pregnancy and regulates the monthly menstrual cycle.
Events of the female hormonal cycles
Follicular
The average follicular phaseTrusted Source lasts for about 16 days
Starts when the hypothalamus sends a signal to your pituitary gland to release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Follicular phase starts on the first day of your period
Ovulation
The ovulation phase is the only time during your menstrual cycle when you can get pregnant
Ovulation happens at around day 14 if you have a 28-day cycle
Pituitary gland releases luteinizing hormone (LH) which starts the process of ovulation.
Menstrual
Starting the preparation of the egg
A monthly change in the ovaries and the uterus
Starts on first day of cycle
Luteal
Uterine wall gets thick in preparation of possible pregnancy
Occurs after Ovulation
Menarche
Beginning of the Reproductive Cycle
Occurs when the female reproductive organs have matured and have began to respond to hormones
Menopause
Ovaries begin producing less estrogen and progesterone
Eventually the cycles completely stop
Occurs in late 40s or early 50s
Disorders associated with the reproductive system
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Many STIs have similar symptoms, such as fever, sores, lower abdominal pain, discharge, painful intercourse
Many STIs are silent or go unnoticed
STDS
Syphilis: An infection that can cause complications
Symptoms: Sores, Fever, Skin Rash
Treatment: Antibiotics
Cause: Treponema pallidum
bacteria
Chlamydia: STD which can make it hard/impossible to get pregnant
Symptoms: Painful Urination, Mucous Discharge, Bleeding
Treatment: Antibiotics
Cause: Chlamydia trachomatis
bacteria
Gonorrhea: A bacterial infection that if untreated may cause infertility
Symptoms: Discharge, Fever, Painful Urination
Treatment: Antibiotics
Cause: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
bacteria
AIDS(Acquired immune
deficiency syndrome): Hurts Bod's ability to fight diseases
Cause: HIV Virus
Symptoms: Fever, weakness, infections, cancer
Treatment: Drugs to treat or delay
symptoms
Methods and Classification of Contraceptives
Birth Control Avoids Federalization and Prevents Implantation
Mechanical Barriers: prevent sperm from entering vagina
during sexual intercourse
Diaphragm
Cervical Cap
Male/Female Condoms
Coitus Interruptus(Pull out): withdrawal of penis from vagina before ejaculation
Chemical Barriers: contain spermicides; are more effective
when used with a condom
Foams
Jellies
Creams
Combined Hormone Contraceptives: contain estrogen and
progestins to prevent pregnancy
Injectable Contraception: injection of a progesterone derivative
prevents follicle maturation and ovulation
Intrauterine Devices (IUDs): objects implanted in the uterus are
either toxic to sperm and egg cells
Behavioral
Fertility Awareness: Women track their menstrual cycle
Rhythm Method: abstinence from sexual intercourse around
time of ovulation
Surgical
Contraceptive Implants: implantation of a rod containing
progestin under the skin in the arm
Sterilization: surgical methods of permanently preventing
pregnancy
Tubal ligation in female (cutting of the uterine tubes
Vasectomy in male (removal of a small portion of
the vas deferens