Concept Map: Reproductive System Angel Martinez Anat/Phys-P5-Franco

Major functions of the Reproductive system

Male Reproductive System

Female Reproductive System

To produce and store sperm

To also deliver sperm

To Produce Sex Hormones

Provide a place for Fertilization

Nourishing a Fetus if egg is fertilized

Secrete Sex Hormones (Estrogen)

Giving Birth to the baby

Produce Eggs

Feed baby outside of the womb (Breastfeeding)

Anatomy of male reproductive structures

Seminal vesicles: Produce molecules such as fructose that serve as energy sources for sperm

Prostate gland: Contributes additional fluid to the ejaculate that serves as nourishment for sperm

Vas deferens: Transports mature sperm to the urethra in preparation for ejaculation.

Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands: Fluid produced by these glands lubricates and cleans the urethra

Testes: Produce sperm and androgens, primarily testosterone

Epididymus: Its function is to store and carry sperm

Scrotum: has a protective function and provides optimal temperatures for sperm

Penis: The penis is the male organ for sexual intercourse and urination.

Anatomy of female reproductive structures

Endometrium: The mucous membrane that lines the uterus in mammals and in which fertilized eggs are implanted.

Vagina: the female reproductive tract and has two primary functions: sexual intercourse and childbirth

Fallopian Tube: serve as pathways for the ova (egg cells) to travel from the ovaries to the uterus.

Uterus:

Ovary: Produces eggs and secretes the hormones estrogen and progesterone.

Hosts the developing fetus,

Passes the anatomically male sperm through to the fallopian tubes

Hormones of the reproductive system

Male Hormones

Female Hormones

Testosterone promotes the production of sperm and masculine characteristics like (beards and muscles)

Luteinising hormone (LH): helps control the menstrual cycle also triggers the release of an egg from the ovary

Estrogen: plays a role in ovulation and thickens the lining of the uterus (endometrium)

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH): helps control the menstrual cycle and stimulates the growth of eggs in the ovaries.

Progesterone: helps prepare your body for conception and pregnancy and regulates the monthly menstrual cycle.

Events of the female hormonal cycles

Disorders associated with the reproductive system

Methods and Classification of Contraceptives

Follicular

Ovulation

Menstrual

Luteal

Menarche

Beginning of the Reproductive Cycle

Occurs when the female reproductive organs have matured and have began to respond to hormones

Starting the preparation of the egg

A monthly change in the ovaries and the uterus

Starts on first day of cycle

The average follicular phaseTrusted Source lasts for about 16 days

Starts when the hypothalamus sends a signal to your pituitary gland to release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Follicular phase starts on the first day of your period

The ovulation phase is the only time during your menstrual cycle when you can get pregnant

Ovulation happens at around day 14 if you have a 28-day cycle

Pituitary gland releases luteinizing hormone (LH) which starts the process of ovulation.

Uterine wall gets thick in preparation of possible pregnancy

Occurs after Ovulation

Birth Control Avoids Federalization and Prevents Implantation

Mechanical Barriers: prevent sperm from entering vagina
during sexual intercourse

Chemical Barriers: contain spermicides; are more effective
when used with a condom

Diaphragm

Cervical Cap

Male/Female Condoms

Foams

Jellies

Creams

Coitus Interruptus(Pull out): withdrawal of penis from vagina before ejaculation

Combined Hormone Contraceptives: contain estrogen and
progestins to prevent pregnancy

Behavioral

Surgical

Fertility Awareness: Women track their menstrual cycle

Rhythm Method: abstinence from sexual intercourse around
time of ovulation

Contraceptive Implants: implantation of a rod containing
progestin under the skin in the arm

Sterilization: surgical methods of permanently preventing
pregnancy

Tubal ligation in female (cutting of the uterine tubes

Vasectomy in male (removal of a small portion of
the vas deferens

Injectable Contraception: injection of a progesterone derivative
prevents follicle maturation and ovulation

Intrauterine Devices (IUDs): objects implanted in the uterus are
either toxic to sperm and egg cells

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Many STIs have similar symptoms, such as fever, sores, lower abdominal pain, discharge, painful intercourse

Many STIs are silent or go unnoticed

STDS

Syphilis: An infection that can cause complications

Chlamydia: STD which can make it hard/impossible to get pregnant

Gonorrhea: A bacterial infection that if untreated may cause infertility

AIDS(Acquired immune
deficiency syndrome): Hurts Bod's ability to fight diseases

Cause: HIV Virus

Symptoms: Fever, weakness, infections, cancer

Treatment: Drugs to treat or delay
symptoms

Symptoms: Painful Urination, Mucous Discharge, Bleeding

Treatment: Antibiotics

Cause: Chlamydia trachomatis
bacteria

Symptoms: Sores, Fever, Skin Rash

Treatment: Antibiotics

Cause: Treponema pallidum
bacteria

Symptoms: Discharge, Fever, Painful Urination

Treatment: Antibiotics

Cause: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
bacteria

Menopause

Ovaries begin producing less estrogen and progesterone

Eventually the cycles completely stop

Occurs in late 40s or early 50s