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Causes of the 2nd WW - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Japan was able to conqueer Manchuria because of his powerful condition
      - The economy benefit of the invasion was of the large amount of minerals that Japan take advantage.
  - - - The destructions that suffered caused resentment to its population.
        
        Treaty of versailles
        
        After losing WWI, Germany was forced to pay economic reparations to the winner countries. This created a context of poverty and humiliation.
      - This economic problem after WWI, allow Hitler to rise to power on the promise of revitalization.
        
        His goal was to unify all german speaking people
        
        Reduce unemployment
        
        He solved Germany's economic problems almost completely.
        
        When Hitler came to power, after having recovered economically, he decided to invade Polinia
        
        The UK and France declared war to Germany.
        
        which was a cause of World War II.
    - - State of economic recovery
        
        After the WWI, Italy benefited from the territorial extension of some countries of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. That is why it had more resources and a more stable economy than other countries of that time.
      - A military power in the process
    - - Economic depression
        
        The First World War affected the productive structure of USA, influencing the economic growth and production of the country during those years.
      - Reduced military status
    - - Economic depression
      - Weak condition.
        
        Its economy was sustained by industrial production and mining, but the Great War influenced the general economy of whole Europe.
      - A reduced military status.
    - - They were in a period of industrialization and collectivization.
        
        Development of transport networks
        
        Construction of factories
        
        Increased working time for workers
      - They had an expansionist mindset
      - Stalin implemented an economic policy called "Revolution from above" that allowed for fast industrialization and collectivization of agriculture.
  - - - Because of the multitudinous mediations,
        
        unemployment rose
        
        imports declined
        
        modern creation fell
    - - The pace of gross venture declined
      - It failed to modernize horticulture. The shift from buyer to speculation products was pitiful contrasted with the other aggressive economies.
- - - - Attack on the pearl harbor
        
        Japanese attempt to disable the only power that could block a Japanese conquest of south-east asia and also a direct way to disable options a Japanese withdrew from China.
        
        This attack incured huge loses like the 90% of the mid-pacific air and sea power wither destroyed or badly damaged. This burtal air assault killed 2,403 and injured 1,178 US military
        
        To leave the US without military intelligence would be useless to stop the attack on the far Eastern possessions they needed to continue their expanist goals
        
        So refusing the negotiations of 1941 between the US and Japan to get an agreement of respect toward the territorial integrity of it neighbours to pursue its policies peacefully and to mantain and open door trade policy.
        
        By the other hand the military presented its plans to the Japanese cabinet that agreed some actions on 4 september of 1941
        
        Take all diplomatic meassures vias - a vis the USA and Great Britain and thereby endeavour to attain our objectives
        
        In the event there is no prospet of our demands being met by the first ten days of October... we will inmediatly decide to commence hostilities against the United States, Britain and the Netherlands.
        
        Our empire will for the purpouse of self-defense and self-preservation complete preparations for war
        
        By the same time Japan attacked Hong Kong and Singapore, advancing to the Dutch East indies, the phillippines and Malaya on 8 December.
        
        By the end of december Japan controlled the Guam, Hong Kong and Wake Island and also 2 british battleships (the prince of wales and the repulse) so causing a direct offense to the LofN members and pushing to war.
    - - For the orthodox historians in the US the pacific war began at 1937 at the Marco Polo bridge by the Japanese hit of aggression and expansion.
      - Revisionist US historians, generally arguing during the US war in vietman, stablish that Japans actions up to 1941 were primarily aimed at purging Asia from west corruption
      - The revisionist historian Kevin Boyle argues that: "Roosevelt ignored or even suppressed warnings of military commanders in Hawaii so as to ensure a successful surprise attack on the US fleet" (Boyle 1993)
      - The japanese historian Michiko Hasegawa argues that the attack on pearl harbor was not in line with Japans long-term planning ans was caused by the oil embargo which forced war.
- - - - The maximum historical debate of Hitler's policy was based on this question: Was Hitler's foreign policy unique or did it just represent a continuation of earlier German foreign policy?
        
        Hitler's foreign policy was "unique" (Friedrich Meinecke, Gerhard Ritter, Ralf Dahrendorf)
        
        Hitler's foreign policy was not very unique (some agree with A.J.P. Taylor's view that it followed earlier German traditions) (Detlev Peukert, A.J.P. Taylor, Lewis Namier, Fritz Fischer, Geoffrey
        Eley, Gordon Craig). Some of the arguments are:
        
        The restoration of the German Army power was a desire for the Army throughout the Weimar
        period
        
        Hate for socialism was a major feature of the old Junker class who welcomed the destruction of
        socialistic parties and trade unions
        
        German dominance in eastern Europe and the subordination of the Slavs were key aims of the
        German government during W.W.I
        
        Several of Hitler's foreign policy aims was chaired by Weimar governments, especially the ones
        between 1930 and 1933
        
        Lebensraum can be traced back to propaganda pamphlets produced by the Pan German League
        before 1914
        
        "Hitler just represented a right-wing consensus in Germany over the basic goals and aims of
        German foreign policy"
    - - Orthodox view: Hitler was an unprincipled opportunist constrained by internal politics, and responding to the ebb and flow of events in a flexible manner. Hitler had a fanatical will and a consistent program of aggression.
      - Revisionist view: Most revisionists reject the idea of Hitler being an all-powerful leader in complete control of events. They portray him as a referee controlling bitter disputes between competing factions, individuals and organizations within Nazi Germany. They
        view Hitler as being more indecisive and weak than was previously thought
      - The major cause of the Second World War was Hitler's desire for the expansion of Germany (this interpretation was used by the prosecution judges in the international military tribunal in Nuremberg 1945- 1946)
      - Hitler's foreign Policies (important events)
        
        Rhineland
        
        For many years the Rhineland area had been a key industrial region of Germany, producing coal, steel and iron resources. The Rhineland also formed a natural barrier to its neighbour and rival, France. In the event of a war, the River Rhine, if properly defended, would be a difficult obstacle for an invading force to cross.
        
        But, in 1936, Hitler boldly marched 22,000 German troops into the Rhineland, in a direct contravention of the Treaty of Versailles
        
        Czechoslovaquia
        
        Hitler wanted that heavy industrial power for the German Reich, and so his expansionist plans had had Czechoslovakia as their first target of takeover since at least 1937, when he had first ordered his generals to draw up plans for a possible future military invasion
        
        Saarland
        
        The heavily industrialized region was economically valuable, due to the wealth of its coal deposits and location on the border between France and Germany. Saarland was returned to Nazi Germany in the 1935 Saar status referendum. Following World War II, the French military administration in Allied-occupied Germany organized the territory as the Saar Protectorate on 16 February 1946
        
        Anschluss
        
        Hitler also wanted control of the largely German-speaking area within Czechoslovakia, called the Sudetenland. Importantly, Austria shared a border with this area. In an attempt to realise his goals, Hitler was determined to destabilise Austria and undermine its independence. His ultimate goal was Anschluss (union) with Austria.
    - - French foreign policy during the 1930's was obsessed with security and defense. France had no intention of stopping Hitler by force, and therefore willingly allowed Chamberlain to march France along the road to Munich. France did this because they feared losing British support if they didn't
    - - Mussolini did not have as much power as one of the European leaders, he was a fascist and ruled Italy, he also signed the Pact of Steel, which would be a pact between Germany and Italy, it arose for economic and political purposes, on the part of Germany, it wanted its actions against other European countries are not intervened by Italy and Mussolini proposed to help with weapons and militarily help the Nazi government.
        
        Mussolini's foreign policy was ineffective, immoral, designed to grab headlines and to please Italian public opinion, and it lacked any clear objectives
        
        The Pact of Steel represented the expression of parallel desires in mind of the two dictators to
        achieve their aims by alliance in war
        
        proposals like the "autarky", the mediterranean as "mare nostrum" and to sign treaties like "kellog-briand pact" were used to distract the people of the internal problems that facism bringed to Italy
    - - Stalin Foreign policy
        
        Stalin's foreign policy was to make a treaty with Hitler, despite having different government policies, Stalin's goal was not to start a war since his army was not strong enough to fight against a power, his main objective was industrialize your country.
        
        The Nazi-Soviet Pact was ”Stalin’s blank check” to Hitler, which virtually guaranteed that war would start in 1939. Stalin's support for collective security was a cynical ploy to mask an underlying desire for a Nazi-Soviet pact
        
        Soviet foreign policy during the 1930’s desired a reconstruction of the close Soviet-German relationship, established by the co-operative Soviet-German Treaty of Rapallo in 1922, and broken off by Hitler in 1933.