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SPANISH CULTURE (16th century), image, image, image, image, image, image,…
SPANISH CULTURE (16th century)
WHAT WAS?
Felipe II impeded access to its doctrines in the following ways:
Spaniards were not allowed to study in other countries
Books printed outside were not allowed in the country
Science
progressed slowly
discoveries outside
took a long time to reach the Peninsula
new ideas
Was greatly influenced by the Counter-Reformation
Religion
played a fundamental role
all works of art
LITERATURE
Most famous religious
Mystics
Such as
Saint John of the Cross
Saint Teresa of Jesus
Wrote about their spiritual experiences
Novels
Realistic portrayals of daily life
Examples
Lazarillo de Tormes
unknown author
Tragicomedy of Calisto and Melibea
Fernando de Roja
Most important poet
Garcilaso de la Vega
ART
Church and monarchy used art to spread their ideas and values
Most important arts were of religious themes and portraits
Styles
Mannerist
Dominated in the second half of the century
What want?
Evoke intense feelings in its followers
Strengthen their religious beliefs
Characteristics
Expressive
Dramatic
Classicist
Influenced art
Italian
Flemish painting
Strove for harmony and serenity
Not portrayed
Mythological themes
Nudes
ARCHITECTURE
First third of the century
Examples
Facade of Salamanca University
Santo Domingo Cathedral
San Marcos Hospital in León
Plateresque style dominated
Characterised
similar to the work produced at that time
Ornate facades
Examples
Palace of Carlos V in the Alhambra in Granada by Pedro Machuca
Granada Cathedral by Diego de Siloé
Jaén Cathedral and El Salvador Church in Úbeda, both by Andrés de Vandelvir
Facade of the Alcázar and the Bisagra Gate, both in Toledo, by Alonso de Covarrubias
Second third of the century
Decoration
Reduced
Classical elements were accentuated
Columns
Pediments
Characteristics
The Italian Renaissance
Buildings
Classicist
Purist
PAINTING
Most important
Examples
The Last Supper
Ecce Homo
Juan de Juanes
Idealism is similar to Raphael's works
Italian Titian
Portrait artist from the Venetian school
Carlos V's court painter
Carlos V at the Battle of Mülberg
Isabella of Portugal
Felipe II's portrait painters
Juan Pantoja de Cruz
Alonso Sánchez Coello
Middle of the century onwards
Reflected in figures dramatic expressions on their faces
Influence
Mannerism
Michael Angelo
Examples
Child and Piety
Madonna
Luis de Morales
Last third of the century
Most important artist
El Greco
Greek artist who worked in Toledo
Characterised
Drama
Spirituality reflected on faces
elongated figures
cool colours and dark tones
Examples
The Disrobing of Christ
The Burial of the Count of Orgaz
The Holy Trinity
SCULPTURE
Most important
Classicist style
Pompeo Leoni
Italians Leoni Leoni
Carlos V's and Felipe II's cenotaphs
Bronze
Basilica of the Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial
Carlos V and the Wrath
Main artists
Alonso Berruguete
The Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian
The Sacrifice of Isaac
Juan de Juni
The Virgen of Anguish
The Entombment of Christ
Adoption of Mannerism
Faces of sculptures more expressive
Evoke intense feelings reflect dramatic situations
main works done
Religious imagery
Painted wooden carvings and altarpieces
