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ANALYSIS OF IRF (INITIATION-RESPONSE-FEEDBACK) ON CLASSROOM INTERACTION…
ANALYSIS OF IRF (INITIATION-RESPONSE-FEEDBACK) ON CLASSROOM
INTERACTION IN EFL SPEAKING CLASS
SPEAKING
Speaking is considered as an important skill in our life.
Thornburry (2005, p.1) speaking is a part of daily life that we take it for
granted.
INTERACTION
students who learn foreign language, they have
to accustom to communicate in target language.
Teacher can create interaction with students in classroom by using target language for the whole interaction.
Interaction occurs every day in classroom activities between teacher and students. Interaction will help to build communication between teacher and students.
This is because when students interact with each other, they receive input and produce output through language which is acquired by them as their communicative competence.
Interaction between teacher and students in classroom become a central in teaching and learning process.
It can be caused by the exchange of thoughts, feelings or ideas as a result of input and output of language which is acquired by them through interaction.
specific features of verbal interaction
There are some several specific features of verbal interaction in speaking class.
According to Walsh (2011, p. 33):
1. In direct-error correction
Teacher interacts to students to correct errors which made by them during conversation occurred.
Errors are corrected quickly and directly so this is far-less time-consuming.
2. In content feedback
Aims to provide oral fluency practice in which the use of conversational language is appropriate to their pedagogic purposes and language use.
Teacher provides personal reactions to comments conversation that occurs naturally.
3. In checking for confirmation
Teacher who seeks clarification and checks for confirmation has an opportunity to maximize learning potential since she or he does not always accept the first contribution that students offered.
4. In extended wait-time
Teacher gives a chance for students to manage their turn taking without intervention by teachers.
It will increase the number of students’ response since it will lead to complex answers and students’ involvement.
IRF pattern
This pattern stands for initiation-response-feedback.
The teacher initiates, the learner responds, the teacher gives feedback (Sinclair & Coulthard, 1975).
1. Initiation (I)
The movement in which teacher initiates an interaction, as stated by Dayag et al. (2008, p.5) initiation is the teacher ask a question or action to initiate students to do interaction in classroom.
It is the effort of the teacher in pushing the students to drop their selves in a communication or interaction.
2. Response moves (R)
What is actually performed by the students following the initiation which produced by the teacher.
3. Feedback/follow up (F)
The last exchange of a turn which aims to give feedback to students’ response. According to Dayag et al. (2008, p.5) that feedback completes the cycle as it provides closure to the initiation and response.
Students get immediately the correction or evaluation for their response.
Participant of this research include:
Data analyzation methods:
Analyzing
Analyzation of data through observation
Transcribing
One way of analyzing data through observation
Coding
The process of segmenting and labelling text to form descriptions and broad themes in the data
35 students of a speaking class in English department
An English teacher
Results
Students' passiveness caused the teacher initiation to be at second place.
Response of the students is the dominant pattern in the classroom interaction
Total number of interactions: 393
Initiations: 138 (35.1%)
Responses: 177 (45%)
Feedbacks: 78 (19.9%)
Teacher: Well, what do you think of the group discussion just now?
[Initiation]
Student: I think that was good
[Respond]
Teacher: Ok. Thanks for the opinion.
[Feedback]
Lowest score is teacher's feedback as it rarely happened due to lack of students' response.
Data
Gained through classroom observation
To describe the reflection of IRF pattern duringteacher-students interaction
To analyze the dominant exchange of IRF
Example of interaction