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Reproductive System P.6 Rov Loren Aniceto - Coggle Diagram
Reproductive System P.6
Rov Loren Aniceto
Major Functions of Reproductive system
Male(Not active until Puberty)
bring gametes from male & female through sexual intercourse
Combine Genetic info con. w/in gametes forming zygote(matured cell)
Form specialized cells- sperms
Support development of fetus, gestation, and the birth of baby parturition
Pathway of sperm
Seminiferous tubules-> rete testies-> efferent ductules
->epididymis
Female
Bring gametes and combine during intercourse
Combine genetic info to form zygote
Support development of fetus, gestation, and birth of baby
Form ova(eggs)
Hormones of reproductive system
Male
Testosterone
exert negative feedback on the hypothalamus & anterior pituitary
Female
Estrogen: promote oogenesis & follicle growth in ovary
Progesterone: works w/ estrogen to establish & regulate uterine cycle
Both
Gonadotrophin-Releasing(GnRH): releases from hypothalamus reaches anterior pituitary cells
Follicle-stimulating(FSH): gonadotrophins released from anterior pituitary
Luteinizing hormone(LH): Gonadotropins released from anterior pituitary
Events of Hormonal cycles
Uterine Menstrual Cycle
Days 6-14(proliferative preovulatory phase)
ovulation occurs at end of proliferative phase
rising estrogen lvls prompt generation of new stratum functionalis layer
estrogen also increases synthesis of progesterone receptors in endometrium
Days 15-28 (secretory postovulatory phase)
endometrium prepares for embryo to implant
phase that is most consistent in duration
Days 1-5(menstrual phase)
GnRH lvls increase
ovarian hormones are at lowest
Day 5, ovarian follicles produce more estrogen
Anatomy of structures
Female
External Genitalia
Clitoris: anterior to vestibule, equivalent to penis
Labia major: hair covered, fatty skin folds
Vestibule: recess w/in labia minora
Labia minora: skin folds lying w/in labia majora
Mons pubis: fatty area overlying pubic symphysis
Tube System
Uterus:
-Hollowed, thick-walled, muscular organ
-FUNCTION; receive, retain, & nourish ovum
Body-major portion
Fundus-rounded superior region
Isthmus-narrowed inferior region
Cervix-narrow neck or outlet;projects into vagina
Cervical canal-communicates w/ vagina & unterine body
Uterine wall
Myometrium: bulky middle layer consisting of interlacing layers of smooth muscle which contracts during birth
Endometrium: -
innermost mucosal layer
-simple columnar epithelium on top of thick lumina propria
-Fertilized egg burrows in and resides during development
Perimetrium: outermost serous layer
Vagina:
-Thin walled tube
vaginal secretions are acidic in adult females
Functions: layer, passageway for menstrual flow, & organ copulation(sex)
Uterine tubes(fallopian tubs/oviducts):
-Receive ovulated oocyte and is the usual site of fertilization
Infidibulum: funnel shaped opening into peritoneal cavity
Fimbraie: Ciliated projection that drapes over ovary and sweeps in cells
Oocyte carried to uterus through perptalsis & ciliary action
Mammary Gland:
-present in both males & females, mostly female
-Milk nourishes newborns
-boobs match fat deposits
Areola: pigmented skin surrounding nipple
Ovaries:
Oocyte- immature cell
ova- mature cell
-Paired structures flank the uterus, are almond-shaped & 2x as large
Ligaments
Ovarian: anchors ovary medially to uterus
Suspensory: Anchors overy laterally to pelvic wall
Ovarian Follicle(tiny sac-like structures embedded in cortex):
-Con. immature egg(oocyte) encased by one or more layers of different cells
-Ea. month a ripened follicle ejects oocyte in event called ovulation
Perineum: diamond shaped region between pubic arch & coccyx
Male
Accessory Glands
Prostate:
-Encircle urethra inferior to bladder
-Smooth muscle during contraction
-Secretes milky, slightly acid fluid-> play roll in sperm activation
Bulbo-Urethral Gland(Cowper's gland):
-Produce thick, clear mucus during sexual arousal
-lubricates tip of penis
-neutralizes acid w/in urethra
Seminal glands:
-Cont. smooth muscle & contract during ejaculation
-Produces vicious alkaline seminal fluid(70% volume)
-Joins w/ vas deferens to make ejac. duct
External Genitalia
Scrotum:
-Sac of skin & superficial fascia (Hang outside of abdominopelvic cavity)
-Contain paired testes - Lower temp needed for sperm production
-Midline septum divides the testicles - affected by temp. change
Penis:
-Root & shaft ends in glans penis(tip)
-Prepuce, or foreskin
Testes:
sperm producing male gonads that lie w/in scrotum)
Spermatic cord encloses nerve fibers, blood vessels, & lymphatics that supply testis
Surrounded by 2 tunics:
Tunica Vaginalis(outer layer derived from peritoneum)
Tunica Albuginea(Inner layer forms fibrous capsule)
Male Duct System
Vas Deferens:
-Pass through inguinal canal to pelvic cavity
-joins duct of seminal vesicle to from ejaculatory duct
-smooth muscles in walls propel sperm into urethra
Urethra: conveys both urine and semen (at different times)
Epididymis(next to testis):
-sperm passes slowly at the rate of 20 days
-SPERM MATURES IN EPIDIDYMIS
-During ejaculation, it contracts, sperm is sent into vas deferens
Semen:
-Milky-white mixture of sperm & accessory gland secretions-> 2-5ml semen ejaculated cont. 20-150 mill. sperm/ml
-Cont. fructose for ATP production, protects & activate sperm, and facilitate sperm movement
-Alkaline fluid neutralizes acidity of male urethra & female vagina and enhance motility
Internal of Penis:
-made up of spongy urethra
-3 cylindrical bodies of erectile tissue
-Spongy network of CT & smooth muscle w/ vascular spaces
Corpora Cavernosa: Paired dorsal erectile bodies
Erection: Tissue fills w/ blood, penis enlarges and stiffens
Corpus Spongiosum: surrounds urethra & expands to form galns & bulb of penis
Methods & Classifications of Contraceptives
Mechanical
Internal Condom: A pouch worn inside the area of insertion such as the vagina or anus
External Condom: A latex covering that is over the penis to prevent sperm entering the vagina
Diaphragm: dome-shaped silicon cup inserted in the vagina hours before sex
Withdrawal(Pull-out): A method in which the penis is pulled outside before ejaculation
Chemical
Injectables: A shot inserted into the arm, hip, or beneath the skin & injects progesterone derivatives to prevent maturation and ovulation
Spermicides: A chemical put within the vagina to kill sperm
Behavioral
Pill: Voluntary regulation of number of offspring with medication
Surgical
Sterilization
Male:a small section of the vas deferens is removed, thus not letting sperm cells enter into the urethra
Female: a small section of the fallopian tubes is removed, thus not letting ova enter the urethra
IUD(Intrauterine device): a t-shaped piece of plastic inserted into the uterus to provide birth control
Disorders associated w/ reproductive system
Testicular Cancer
Rare but mostly common w/in men age 15-35
painless, solid mass in testis
Prostate Cancer
Third most common cause of cancer death
Cervical Cancer
affects 450k women each year, killing half
Breast Cancer
invasive breast cancer is most common malignancy
early onset of menstruation cycle/ late menopause
hereditary