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Classroom interventions and foreign language anxiety Oyama, M., &…

- - - - effective in reducing foreign language learning anxiety
  - - - "self-encouragement via positive statements"
      - positive self-talk
  - - - Relaxation technique
        
        boost confidence
        
        reduce frustration
      - Meditation
      - Mindfulness
- - - - emails
    - - interactions through avatars
    - - Google wiki for cross-cultural collaborative learning
    - - peer-review
    - - higher test scores on speaking test
      - lower anxiety
    - - increase in L2 speking
      - increase in listening skills
      - increase in writing test scores
- - - - lower anxiety
      - higher test scores
    - - individually increased their FLCA level
- - - - plus: higher pronunciation scores
    - - goals
        
        create a supportive environment and athmosphere
        
        generates psychological trust
        
        helps learners to cope with stressful situations
    - - develop social abilites
        
        sharing ideas on various topics