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Spain: The Bourbon Restoration - Coggle Diagram
Spain: The Bourbon Restoration
Reign of Alfonso XII (1875–1885) and the regency of María Cristina (1885–1902)
Reign of Alfonso XII and the Canovist system
Political stability for Spain
economic grew
new political system: the Canovist system
set up by Cánovas del Castillo
Constitution of 1876
constitutional monarchy
shared sovereignty between the monarch and the Cortes
type of suffrage
determined by each alternating government
Bipartisanship
two alternating official political parties
The Conservative government
led by Antonio Cánovas del Castillo
Liberal government
led by Práxedes Mateo Sagasta
Caciquismo
manipulated elections
guaranteed the victory of the party previously chosen
Canovist system and the reign of Alfonso XII
supporters
middle-class business owners
army
the Catholic Church
landowners
opposition from
republicans, anarchists and socialists
areas of nationalism and regionalism
the Carlists
Third Carlist war
death of Alfonso XII in 1885
Pact of El Pardo
signed by Cánovas del Castillo and Sagasta
agreement to support the regency of María Cristina of Austria
regent until 1902
The Disaster of 98
causes
Cuban Creole bourgeoisie
demanded for
political autonomy
economic freedom
demands from Cuban bourgeoisie to Spain
weren't granted
Cuban War (1895–1898)
pro-independence forces led by José Martí
The Philippines pro-independence uprising
United States
intervened in favour of Cuba and the Philippines
Treaty of Paris (1898)
consequences
appearance of regenerationism
led by Joaquín Costa
economic crisis
caused by the loss of the colonial market
demoralisation of the Spanish people
involvement of the United States
biggest buyer of Cuban sugar and tobacco
Spanish government refused to sell the island
United State declared war
The reign of Alfonso XIII
Political conflict
causes why Constitution of 1876 started to fail
alternating governments
collapse
other parties
republican parties
advocated the establishment of a republic
regionalist parties
Partido Nacionalista Vasco (PNV)
Lliga Regionalista de Catalunya (LRC)
advocated autonomy for their region
associations
Mancomunidad de Cataluña (1914)
socialists
Partido Socialista Obrero Español (PSOE)
Partido Comunista Español (PCE)
advocated the access of the working class to political power
development of the workers' movement
during the reign of Alfonso XIII
workers' movement continued
trade unions supported and coordinated the movement
important concessions
achieved by
Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT)
Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT)
included
creation of a pension system for retired workers
new laws to regulate female and child labour
eight-hour working day and six-day working week
legal recognition for trade unions
War in Morocco (1909–1927)
Conference of Algeciras in 1906
established a protectorate over its new territories in Morocco
negative concecuences for Spain
Tragic Week (1909)
popular protest
in Barcelona
brutally suppressed by the army
Annual disaster (1921)
Spanish troops were defeated
Morocco was devided into
Spain
France
The military problem
Spanish public opinion
very crtical of the army
causes
defeats in Morocco
charged with repressing demonstrations and strikes
Compulsory military service
created discontent
wealthy people could avoid it by paying a special fee
abolished in 1912
military coup in 1923
led by General Miguel Primo de Rivera
established a dictatorship
approved by the king
Regionalism and nationalism
Catalan nationalism
Bases de Manresa
wrote by Enric Prat de la Riba in 1891
called for Catalan autonomy
1901
Lliga Regionalista de Catalunya was founded
led by Francesc Cambó
Galician nationalism
tried to gain autonomy
Asociación Regionalista Gallega
formed in 1890
leaders
Alfredo Brañas
Alfonso Castel
Basque nationalism
wanted independence of País Vasco
Partido Nacionalista Vasco (PNV)
formed in 1895
formed by
Sabino Arana
Andalusian regionalism
wanted to solve social problems
no political party until the 20th century
