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Applied zooarch. Guests - Coggle Diagram
Applied zooarch. Guests
Arch. evidence (over-)exploitation of marine resources
Presence or absence of taxa
Changes in taxonomic composition
Demographic estimations
age
size
(and weight)
Stability/changes in thropic .
Archaeomalacology
Malacology
Scientific study of mollusks
NOT CHONCHOLOGY (--> studies mollusk shells only)
Mollusca
Phylum of Invertebrates in the Kingdom Animalia
Different classes
Shell
Composition
Calcium carbonate (mianly)
trace elements
organic content (up t ca. 3% only)
Covered by periostracum
Good perservation
1st evidence for shell fishing isn't that old
Refuse of (royal purple) dye production
Testudines (mostly seaturtles)
What
Officially
Turtles
Terrapins
Tortoises
Have a shell
Sea turtles
7 extant species
All have slightly different diets (different niches)
Green turtule is the only herbivorous species
All endagered species
In Archaeology
Varied uses
F.e.
Combs
Cainbs (tortoiseshells --> not tortoise)
Lyre
Oracle bone
Also turtles dipicted on coins
Coinage of Aegina
6th century BC
Anaweka Waka (canoe from A.D. 1400)
Article: An early sophisticated East Polynesian voaying canoe discovered on New Zealand's coast
Turtle depicted on the canoe
Only high status may eat them
Green turtle soup
Even started canning in (Florida)
Mock turtle soup
Turteen
A bowl soully used for turtle soup
Can't determine the sex
No x or y chromosone
Sex is determined by the temperature
Groupers galore
Ichtyoarchaeology
Early fisheries
Near shore (littoral) fish
Assemblages dominated by
Sparids
and
Epin....
Sidon
Importan EBA sites
Nearly 70% of fish assemblage = sharks
Earliest firm regional evidence of pelagic fish and intensive shark exploitation
Article: Seen Neer et al.
Additional ...
Recovery methods
Not everything sieved --> fishin underestimated of rthe past
Hand collection = most common
Regional variations
Trained practitioners
Adequate reference collections