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THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION - Coggle Diagram
THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION
The Reformation (16th century)
Was a religious movement
Which instigated
The division od the Christian Church
Founding of the protestant churches
CAUSES
The church's wealth
High clergy's life -> luxury
Church
Possessed
Taxed the humble population
Extensive lands
Obtained income by
Carrying out religious sacraments
From the veneration of
The Holy Relics
Saints
Virgin Mary
The buying and selling of ecclesiastical positions
Provided income and economic rights
A way of getting rich
The bad example set by the high clergy
Top of the hierarchy
Occupied positions for their own gain
Didn't respect customs/morals that they preached
The sale of indulgences
If the Church needed money
They sold indulgances
And helped believers to be forgiven for their sins
Low clergy's lack of training
Church hierarchy
Didn't give imprortance to
The training of the priests
They didn't behave appropiately
These angered the believers
Peasant revolts occurred
They demanded religious & economic reforms
The humanists (example: Erasmus of Rotterdam)
Denounced the bad practices
But nothing was taken to resolve the situation
LUTHER'S BREAK FROM ROME
The amount of corruption in the Church
Scandalised the German priest
Martin Luther
In 1517 he published
95 Theses
Criticising the sale of indulgences/bad practices
Carried out by the ecclesiastical hierarchy
This began the
Protestant Reformation
For the rest of his life
He continued to criticise the Church
Develop his ideas --> resulting in the Lutheran doctrine
Luther's main
principles
Free interpretation of the Bible
Priests should be abolished
Anyone could read/interpret the Bible in their own way
He translated the holy book into various languages
Salvation depended on
faith
and
God's
will
Not on the good deeds a person does in life
Rejection
of the veneration of
Virgin Mary, saints & holy relics
Sacraments, except for baptism and the Eucharist
Opposition/Support
Opposition to Church owning property
Support for the nobles taking over the Church's possessions
Important
dates
1517
Luther publishes 95 Theses
1521
The Pope demands that
Luther retracts his writings at the Diet of Worms
Luther refuses and is excommunicated from the Empire
1522
Luther translates the Bible into German
1536
Lutheranism spreads to Denmark and Norway
1559-1562
Eradication of the Lutheran groups in Spain
THE SPREAD OF THE REFORMATION
Lutheranism spread across northern Europe
Germany
Low countries
Denmark
Countries on the Scandinavian Peninsula
Other reformers appeared with new doctrines
John Calvin
French theologian
Spread a type of Protestantism from Geneva (in Switzerland)
His beliefs were based
Predestination
People were destined for salvation/damnation from
birth
Calvinism
spread across
Switzerland
England
Scotland
France
The north of the Low Countries
King Henry VIII
Wanted to divorce Catherine of Aragón
But rhe Pope wouldn't give his consent
In 1534
He broke with the Catholic Church
The Act of Supremacy was passed
He appointed himself head of
The Church of England or
Anglican
Church
Ultricht Zwingli
Swiss pastor
Founded the
Reformed
Church (in Zurich)
His doctrine
Rejected the authority of the Pope
Proposed abolishing religious imagery &
Celibacy among priests
