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Atherosclerosis - Coggle Diagram
Atherosclerosis
Aneurism
- Berry aneurysm = true aneurysm
- Fusiform aneurysm = true aneurysm
- Saccular aneurysm = true aneurysm
- Dissecting aneurysm = false aneurysm
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Abnormal localized dilation of blood vessel
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True aneurysm
- Aneurysm is bounded by a complete vessel wall
- Blood remains within the vascular compartment
Contributing factors
Artherosclerosis
The arteries can be harmed by blockages, such as fatty deposits. These deposits can trigger the heart to pump harder than necessary to push blood past the fatty buildup. This stress can damage the arteries because of the increased pressure
Hypertension
Significantly high blood pressure can increase the risk for heart, blood vessel, and circulation problems
Symptoms
Symptoms of an aneurysm vary with each type and location. It’s important to know that aneurysms generally don’t present signs or symptoms until they rupture. Aortic aneurysms may cause referred back pain as the only symptom
Who is at risk:
- Males more than wowen
- Age above 60
- Hypercholesterolemia
- Hypertension
- Family history of heart disease
- Smoking
- Obesity
- Pregnancy
Diagnosis
-
Tx
- 1st line: Avoid modifiable factor (hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, smoking, obesity and sedentarism)
- 2nd line: Depending in severity, surgery may be requires (end-vascular stent graft)
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Vasculitis
Vasculitides = group of vascular disorders that cause inflammatory injury and necrosis of the blood vessel wall
Vessels of any types:
- Arteries
- Veins
- Capillaries
<=> any organ can be affected
Clinical manifestations
Fever, myalgia, arthralgia, malaise
Clinical manifestations:
- Depends on the vessels involved and the extent of vessel obstruction
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Arteries supplying:
- Heart
- Brain
- Kidneys
- Lower extremities
- Small intestine are most frequently involved
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- Type of arteriosclerosis
- Fibrofatty lesions in the intimal lining of the large and medium-sized arteries
- Aorta, coronary arteries, large vessels that supply the brain
- Insidious process and not become evident for 20-40 years
- Fibrous plaques commonly begin to appear in the arteries arounds the 30's
- 40% of deaths in the USA
Most important complications are:
- Ischemic cardiopathy
- Vascular cerebral accident
- Peripheric valvulopathy