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CH11 Biological Membranes and Transport - Coggle Diagram
CH11 Biological Membranes and Transport
Structure
Micelle
fatty acids
sodium dodecyl sulfate
Bilayer
phospholipids
sphingolipids
Liposome
運輸藥物
Fluid Mosaic Model
Peripheral proteins
noncovalent
covalent
Integral proteins
Membrane Proteins
Amphitrophic and GPI-linked
reversible process
Peripheral (non-GPI linked)
Removed by disrupting ionic interactions either with high salt or change in pH
integral
Tightly associated with membrane
Removed by detergents that disrupt the membrane
Farnesylation of Proteins
Amino Acids in Membrane Proteins Cluster in Distinct Region
Transmembrane segments are predominantly
hydrophobic
Tyr and Trp cluster at nonpolar/polar interface
Charged amino acids are only found in aqueous domains
Membrane Phases
liquid-ordered state
gel phase
liquid-disordered state
fluid phase
More fluid membranes require shorter and more unsaturated fatty acids
Melting temperature decreases as double bonds are added
Membrane Dynamics
Lateral Diffusion
fast
Transverse Diffusion
Floppase
內到外
Flippases
外到內
Scramblase
雙向
Membrane Rafts
contain clusters of glycosphingolipids
contain specific doubly or triply acylated proteins
Caveolin Forces Membrane Curvature
caveolin dimer : 6 fatty acyl + 8 cholesterol
Study of Membrane Dynamics: FRAP
monitor lateral lipid diffusion by monitoring the rate of fluorescence return
Sterols and Hopanols Increase Membrane Rigidity and Permeability