Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Tourism Gateway 3, Responsibilities of various groups in managing tourist…

- - - - Tensions arise when the needs of tourists conflict with the need to conserve the environment
      - E.g. Machu Picchu,Peru
        
        The city, never reached by the Spanish conquerors of South America, holds immense importance to the insight it provides into ancient Inca life
        
        In 2011, it attracted an average 3,300 visitors everyday
        
        Machu Picchu was a city built by the Incas on the eastern slopes of the Andes Mountains
        
        The Inca Trail, used by hikers has been slowly eroded by the more than 1.5 Million tourists that hike on it each year
        
        Hikers also leave rubbish behind
        
        Helicopters have recently been banned in 2010 due to the noise that disturbs wildlife
        
        The land and artefacts are also damaged by the sheer weight and footsteps of visiting tourists
      - Measures for managing tensions
        
        Government authorities play an important role in balancing and resolving the tensions
        
        Employing staff to maintain and repair a site and prevent tourists from tampering with it
        
        Holding discussions with locals regarding their needs and concerns
        
        Withholding permission for tourist activities that may harm the environment
        
        Restricting entry to certain areas delineated for locals
        
        Limiting the number of visitors at a site to minimise congestion and degradation
    - - tensions arise when the needs of tourists conflict with the needs of locals
      - E.g. Bali, Indonesia
        
        Bali has a cultural landscape which is a World Heritage Site
        
        The large inflow of tourists has caused some tensions between tourists and locals
        
        Congestion is common at tourist sites such as Kuta
        
        The Tourism industry consumes about 65% of the island's water supply
        
        Water Shortages occur in some local areas of the island. Dug wells have also gone dry
        
        Locals' conservative values are also ignored by tourists
        
        E.g. Some tourists resort to public displays of affection despite deemed by locals as unacceptable
  - - - Especially for fragile environments(those that are easily affected by change)
- - - - Time period. Short term, long term, permanent
      - Pollution and Littering
        
        air
        
        water
        
        Philippines President Duaterte closed down island as it was very polluted
        
        In the Caribbean, to avoid paying dumping fees so,me ships dump liquid and solid waste into the sea , dirtying the place
        
        land
      - Vandalism
      - e.g Rome Italy as walkways are very narrow and overcrowded.
      - Congestion
        
        Vehicular Congestion
        
        Human
        
        e.g Rome Italy as walkways are very narrow and overcrowded.
        
        Life of Locals will be disrupted as they cannot conduct their way of life and their quality of life will be affected
    - - Infrastructure could be uterutilised in non peak times
        
        After event is over, facilities may be underused
        
        Costly to maintain and no more income from tourists
        
        E.g In Alps, in Summer, no one goes to skiing resorts, ski lifts unused but still have to maintain
        
        E.g. 2008 Olympics Beijing, China - Several facilities were deteriorating
        
        However, facilities such as the Beijing National Aquatics Centre had been renovated into a water park in Aug 2010
      - Leakage of Income
        
        Make souvenirs that are made locally instead of overseas
        
        Using foreign airlines
        
        Hence, to fix must use local airlines and work with as many countries so that can go to more countries
        
        foreign comapanies with infrastructure
        
        Hence, must work with local hotel companies like hotel 81, hence less leakage
        
        e.g foreigners working in SG, will repatriate money back to their own country from their own income
        
        Use foreign hotels , foreign goods
      - Creates Seasonal Unemployment
        
        Because certain tourist activities based on climate conditions
        
        These countries may experience a rise in tourist no for many months followed by drop in nexr few months
        
        E.g in many countries surrounding Mediterranean, most hotel stays peak at summer season, and after that tourism drops and many people become unemployed
        
        E.g. Sapporo, Japan - Large number of visitors from December to February for skiing and snowboarding(winter)
        
        Other seasons, locals find other sources of income such as farming
        
        Job opportunities vary according to seasons
      - Shortage of services
        
        Locals experience shortage of these resources
        
        E.g. Cancun, México -water supply is low in the villages while high at hotels, land is also used for rubbish collected from the hotels. Sewage from hotels were disposed in the ocean which is now polluted
        
        Large amounts of water,land and power used for tourists sites
    - - Crime rates increase as tourist bring valuables
      - Dilution of social culture
  - - - Try to preserve environment
        
        E.g Sepilok Orang-Utan rehabilitation centre in Sabah
        
        eg Waitomo Cave in New Zealand
    - - Growth in income
        
        Development in Infrastructure and Facilities
        
        Infrastructure for tourists, which Singaporeans can use
        
        Construction of transport and communication networks, electrical frameworks and systems for water and waste disposal
        
        This also enhances the daily life of locals
        
        Sports venues and infrastructure built for major events are used after by locals
        
        Rail systems built for the Olympic Games in Athens 2004 and Beijing 2008 are still being used by locals today
        
        During construction locals are also hired, local material is also used
        
        Countries earn from Taxes
        
        Additional income based on tourism
        
        increase in income
        
        improvement in standard of living
        
        Tour companies also have a rise in revenue
        
        e.g. Philippines fisherman in pamilacan Island bring tourists on boats to look for and swim with whale sharks and dolphins
        
        Tourism receipts - money received from tourist spending
        
        Tourism revenue -money earned from tourist receipts is paid to other countries for the import of tourist goods and services
      - Employment Opportunities
        
        Indirect
        
        People who do not support tourists directly
        
        e.g Construction, Financial
        
        Direct
        
        People who support Tourists directly
        
        e.g Tour Guides, receptionists at hotels, room service, housekeeping,taxi drivers
        
        increase in tourism related jobs
        
        In 2011, Tourism industry made up 70% of worldwide jobs